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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which layer of the peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain, temperature, and laceration (the pain is well localized)?
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Parietal peritoneum
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How do the blood, lymphatics and nerve supply vary between the parietal and visceral peritoneum?
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Parietal: It is same supply as the abdominal wall.
Visceral: Same supply as the organ it covers |
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What is the function of the peritoneal fluid that is found in the peritoneal cavity?
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Lubrication and immunological functions (involves the hepatorenal recesses/gutters)
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In what gender is the peritoneal cavity open?
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In females (because the ends of the fallopian tubes/oviducts enter the peritoneal cavity)
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Are the intraperitoneal organs completely covered with visceral peritoneum?
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Sort of- they are covered except for the area needed to get blood into and out of the organ
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What are some examples of extraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and subperitoneal organs?
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Kidney, pancreas, ascending and descending colon
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How do the organs covered by the peritoneum stay in contact with the vascular and nerve supply outside of the peritoneum?
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Via the mesenteries
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What does the mesentery result from?
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Invagination of peritoneum by organs during development
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What does the mesentery do and how?
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It allows for neurovascular communication between organ and body wall and contains neurovascular structures and lymphatic vessels
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What is the name for the double layered extension of the peritoneum?
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The omentum
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What does the greater omentum span?
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From fundus of stomach and prox. duodenum to the anterior surface of transverse colon
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What does the lesser omentum span?
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It connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver
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What is the double layer of peritoneum that connects abdominal organs?
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Peritoneal ligaments
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What connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
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Falciform ligament
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What connects the liver to the stomach?
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Hepatogastric ligament (formed by the lesser omentum)
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Which hepatic peritoneal ligament contains the hepatic triad?
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Hepatoduodenal ligament
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What is the hepatic triad?
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Portal vein
Hepatic artery Bile duct |
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What are the gastric peritoneal ligaments?
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Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament |
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What are the purpose of the "bare areas" of organs?
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To allow entry/exit of neurovascular structures
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What do the peritoneal folds do?
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Cover blood vessels, ducts, and obliterated fetal vessels
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How many umbilical folds are there?
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1 median
2 medial 2 lateral |
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What is the peritoneal recess/fossa?
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A pouch of peritoneum formed by the peritoneal fold
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List the subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity.
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1. Greater Sac
2. Lesser Sac |
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What does the supracolic portion of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity contain?
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Stomach
Liver Spleen |
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What does the infracolic portion of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity contain?
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SI
Asc. and desc. colon (Mesentery of SI divides it into right and left spaces) |
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What are paracolic gutters?
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Grooves between the asceding or descending colon adn the posterolateral abdominal wall
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How does the lesser omental bursa of the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity communicate with the greater peritoneal sac?
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Via the omental foramen (epiploic foramen)
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What are the boundaries of the omental foramen?
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Anterior: Hepatoduodenal ligament
Posterior: IVC and right crus of diaphragm Superior: liver Inferior: sup. aspect of duodenum |
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List the arterial supply for the peritoneal cavity.
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Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery |
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Where does venous drainage occur in the peritoneal cavity?
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Into the portal vein
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What feeds into the portal vein?
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Superior mesenteric veins
Splenic veins |
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Describe blood flow through the peritoneal cavity.
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Arteries
(Intestinal) Capillaries Hepatic Portal Vein Hepatic Capillaries (in liver) Hepatic Vein IVC |
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What comprises the celiac trunk?
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Hepatic artery
L. gastric artery Splenic artery |
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Where does esophageal mucosa change into gastric mucosa and begin to produce acid?
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At the esophogogastric junction (Z line)
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Where are the 3 esophagus constrictions?
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Cervical (Upper Esophageal Sphincter)
Thoracic (Broncho-aortic) Diaphragmatic (Lower Esophageal Sphincter) |
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What are the two muscle layers of the esophagus?
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Inner circular
Outer longitudinal |
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How is the esophagus connected to the diagphragm?
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Phrenicoesophageal ligament
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What supplies the esophagus with blood?
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Left gastric artery
Left inferior phrenic artery |
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Where do esophageal veins drain?
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Into the hepatic portal system (via left gastric vein) and into systemic venous system (via esopheageal veins into azygos vein)
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How is the esophagus innervated?
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Via the esophageal nerve plexus
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What is the function of the stomach?
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Digestion of food via acid and enzymatic activity
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List the 4 portions of the stomach.
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Cardiac
Fundus Body Pyloric |
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What regulates the flow of chyme into the duodenum, acting as a "checkpoint" that senses whether or not food has been adequately digested?
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Pylorus
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Describe the interior of the stomach.
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It is arranged in rugae (folds) and lined with gastric mucosa.
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What are the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the stomach?
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Inner circular
Middle longitudinal Outer oblique |
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What is the importance of mucous in the stomach?
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It prevents autodigestion
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The gastric canal has no ___ layer.
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Oblique
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Describe the "bed" of the stomach (superior to inferior).
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Diaphragm
Spleen Left kidney/adrenal gland Splenic artery Pancreas Transverse mesocolon |
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What covers the stomach?
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Lesser and greater omentum
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What arteries supply the stomach?
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Left gastric
Splenic Common hepatic |
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What artery supplies the LES?
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Supraduodenal branch of the gastroduodenal branch of the common hepatic
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What are the branches of the common hepatic artery?
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Hepatic (R. gastric, cystic, L/R hepatic)
Gastroduodenal (supraduodenal, sup. pancreaticoduodenal, and R. gastro-omental) |
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What are the branches of the splenic artery?
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Posterior gastric
Left gastro-omental Splenic branches |
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What artery supplies the fundus?
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Posterior gastric branch of the splenic artery
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Where do the right and left gastric veins drain?
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Into the portal vein
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Where does blood drain from the short gastric and L. gastro-omental vein?
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Into splenic vein (and THEN into superior mesenteric vein)
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Where does the blood from the right gastro-omental vein drain?
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Superior mesenteric vein
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Where does the prepyloric vein drain into?
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R. gastric vein and then into the portal vein
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How is the superior 2/3 of the stomach lymphatically drained?
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Via the right and left gastric vessels into the gastric lymph nodes
From the fundus and superior body to pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes |
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What does lymph fromt eh inferior 1/3 (and right 2/3) of the stomach drain into?
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Pyloric lymph nodes
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What does the inferior 1/3 (left 1/3) of the stomach drain into (re: lymphatics)?
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Pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
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Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the stomach.
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Anterior vagal trunk: from left vagus to hepatic, duodenal,and anterior gastric branches
Posterior vagal trunk: from right vagus to cardiac plexus and posterior gastric branches |
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Describe the sympathetic innervation of the stomach.
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From T6-T9
Passes through the celiac plexus on its way to the greater splanchnic nerve |
