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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Function of Peripheral Blood
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- transport
- maintain body temperature - acid/base balance - osmotic balance |
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Blood Cells
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- red blood cells (gas transport)
- white blood cells (injury, host defense) - platelets (injury, coagulation) |
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Blood Centrifugation
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- plasma (blood extracellular matrix), 55%
- hematocrit (volume RBCs), 40-45% (male: 40-50%, female 35-45%) - buffy coat (WBCs and platelets), 1% |
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Plasma Proteins
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- albumin (maintains colloid osmotic pressure)
- globulins (antibodies of immune defense) - clotting proteins (prothrombin, fibrinogen) - complement proteins (inflammation) - plasma lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDLs, LDLs) |
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Blood Serum
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- plasma - coagulation factors = serum
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Erythrocytes
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- most numerous (40-45%)
- 8 microns in size - oxygen and carbon dioxide transport - lifespan is 120 days - removed by macrophages in spleen and bone marrow - no organelles |
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Anemia
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- low hemoglobin levels, low RBCs
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Polycythemia
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- elevated RBCs (high altitude)
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Cell Surface Antigens
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- used in blood typing (A, B, AB, O, Rh, etc.)
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Blood Group AB
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- universal acceptor
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Blood Group O
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- universal donor
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Reticulocytes
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- immature RBCs
- stain with supravital stains (cresyl blue) - 1-2% in blood |
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Leukocytes
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- white blood cells
- transported in blood stream, but do not function there - functions carried out in the connective tissue (interstitial) spaces |
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Diapedesis
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- the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of capillaries
- primary function is host defense |
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Granulocytes
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- all have two types of granules (primary and specific)
- named for the staining of their specific granules - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
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Neutrophils
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- 60-70% WBC count
- about 14 microns in size - multilobed nuclei (3-5 lobes) - primary granules: lysosomes (very phagocytic cell) - specific granules: anti-bacterial agents (interleukin-1, a pyrogen) -prominent golgi |
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Eosinophils
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- 4% of WBC count
- 12 microns in size - bilobed nucleus - primary granules: lysosomes - specific granules: major basic protein (destroys parasitic worms) - "cat's eye" granules |
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Basophils
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- less than 1% of WBC count
- 12 microns in size - nucleus is S-shaped - primary granules: lysosomes (less numerous - specific granules: heparin, histamine - inflammatory response (similar to mast cell) - IgE surface receptors - large, electron dense granules |
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Agranulocytes
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- travel in peripheral blood
- diapedesis - host defense - no specific granules, nuclei are not lobulated - long lived - monocytes and lymphocytes |
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Monocytes
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- 3-8% of WBC count
- largest of the WBCs - eccentric nucleus, oval or kidney bean shaped - bluish gray cytoplasm - give rise to tissue macrophages |
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Lymphocytes
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- 2nd most numerous WBC (20-25%)
- about 12 microns in size - immunity function - nucleus is large, round - only WBC to return to blood - light blue cytoplasm - B-cells and T-cells |
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B Lymphocytes
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- "born" in bone marrow
- antibody mediated immunity - give rise to plasma cells and memory b cells |
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T Lymphocytes
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- arise in bone marrow
- taught, in thymus, to attack virus-infected cells - participate in host-graft rejection - give rise to T-memory cells - cellularly mediated immunity |
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Platelets
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- disk shaped
- non-nucleated cell "fragments" - 2-4 microns in size - short life span (10 days or less) - limit hemorrhage, inflammation - numerous (200,000-400,000) - originate from megakaryocytes in bone marrow - activation, adhesion, aggregation |
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Thrombocytopenia
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- platelet count below 50,000/ml
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Megakaryocyte
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- huge, polyploid cells
- mitosis without cytokinesis - demarcation channels (specialization of the plasma membrane) - give rise to platelets - platelets enter sinusoids in bone marrow |
