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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Periodontium |
peri - around; odonotos - tooth functional tissues that surround the teeth and attaches them to the jaw |
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Gingiva |
tissues that cover the cervical portions of the teeth and the alveolar process |
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Periodontal Ligament |
(PDL) fibers that surround the root of the tooth; attach to bone & cementum |
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Cementum |
thin layer of mineralized tissue that covers the root of the tooth |
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Alveolar Bone |
bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth |
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Gingival Margin |
thin rounded edge of the free gingiva |
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Alveolar Mucosa |
dark red in color, apical boundary |
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Free Gingival Groove |
shallow linear depression that separates the free and attached gingiva |
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Mucogingival Junction |
boundary between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa |
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Free Gingiva |
unattached portion that surrounds the tooth in the region of the CEJ |
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Attached Gingiva |
tightly connected to the cementum on the cervical third of the root and to the periosteum of the alveolar bone |
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Interdental Gingiva |
fills interdental embrasure between two adjacent teeth |
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Stippling |
may or may not be apparent in healthy tissue |
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Col |
valley like depression in the portion of the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area |
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Gingival Sulcus |
space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface |
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Gingival Crevicular Fluid |
seeps from the underlying connective tissue into the sulcular space |
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Alveolar Process |
(Alveolar Bone) bone of the upper or lower jaw that surrounds and supports the roots of the teeth -60% inorganic material, 25% organic, 15% water |
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Alveolar Bone Proper |
(Cribriform Plate) thin layer of bone that lines the pocket to surround the root of the tooth |
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Cortical Bone |
compact bone that forms the hard, outside wall of the mandible or maxilla on the facial and lingual aspects - will not show up in a radiograph |
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Alveolar Crest |
most coronal portion of the alveolar process - can be seen on radiograph |
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Cancellous Bone |
(Spongy Bone) fills interior portion of the alveolar process - between cortical bones & alveolar bone proper |
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Periosteum |
connective soft tissue covering the outer surface of bone; collagenous tissue and an inner layer of elastic fibers |
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Innervation |
nerve supply to the periodontium |
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Trigeminal Nerve |
sensory, motor and intermediate roots that attach directly to the brain - sensory of most of the skin of the front part of the face and head, teeth, oral cavity, maxillary sinus and nasal cavity |
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Anastomose |
join together |
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Lymphatic System |
network of lymph nodes connected by lymphatic vessels that play a role in the body's defense against infection |
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Lymph Node |
bean-shaped structures located on either side of the head, neck, armpits and groin - filter & trap bacteria, fungi, viruses and other unwanted substances to safely eliminate them from the body |
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Histology |
study of microscopic structures |
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Tissue |
interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism |
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Cells |
smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning indepenently |
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Extracellular Matrix |
mesh like material that surrounds the cells |
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Epithelial Tissue |
makes up the outer surface of the body (skin) and lines the body cavities such as the mouth and stomach |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
composed of flat cells arranged in several layers |
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Basal Lamina |
underlies epithelium |
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Keritinization |
cells on the surface become stronger and waterproof |
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Keratinized Epithelial Cells |
have no nuclei and form a tough, resistant layer on the surface of the skin |
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Nonkeritinized Epithelial Cells |
have nuclei and act as a cushion against mechanical stress and wear |
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Connective Tissue |
fills spaces between the tissues and organs in the body |
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Epithelial-Connective Tissue Interface |
is the boundary where the epithelial and connective tissues meet |
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Epithelial Ridges |
(Pete Pegs) deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into the connective tissue |
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Connective Tissue Papillae |
fingerlike extensions of connective tissue that extend up into epithelium |
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Cell junctions |
cellular structures that mechanically attach a cell and its cytoskeleton to its neighboring cells or to the basal lamina |
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Desmosome |
connects two neighboring epithelial cells |
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Hemidesmosome |
connects epithelial cells to the basal lamina |
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Gingival Epithelium |
specialized stratified squamous epithelium that functions well in the wet environment of the oral cavity |
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Oral Epithelium |
(OE) epithelium that faces the oral cavity - free gingiva, attached gingiva |
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Sulcular Epithelium |
(SE) epithelium that faces the tooth surface without being in contact - sulcus |
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Junctional Epithelium |
(JE) epithelium that attaches the gingiva to the tooth - base of the sulcus |
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Parakeritinized |
partially keritinized |
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Keratin |
tough, fibrous structural protein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and the OE |
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Gingival Crevicular Fluid |
slight in health and increases with disease |
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Internal Basal Lamina |
between epithelial cells of JE and the tooth surface |
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External Basal Lamina |
between epithelial cells of the JE and the gingival connective tissue |
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Supragingival Fiber Bundles |
(gingival fibers) network of ropelike collagen fiber bundles in the gingival connective tissue - located coronal (above) the crest of the alveolar bone |
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Collagen Fibers |
enable gingiva to form a rigid cuff around the tooth - hold gingival connective tissues together |
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Dentogingival Unit |
JE and the gingival fibers |
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PDL |
(Periodontal Ligament) fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the roots of teeth and joins the root cementum with the socket wall |
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Fiber Bundles of PDL |
specialized connective tissue that surrounds the root of the tooth and connects it with alveolar bone |
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Sharpey fibers |
ends of periodontal ligament fibers that are embedded in the cementum and alveolar bone |
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Cementum |
mineralized layer of connective tissue that covers the root of the tooth |
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OMG |
Overlap - 60% Meet - 30% Gap - 10% relationship of cementum to enamel at the CEJ |
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Radiolucent |
easily penetrated by X-rays - appear dark gray to black |
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Radiopaque |
absorb or resist the passage of X-rays - appear light gray or white |
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Lamina Dura |
alveolar bone proper identified on radiographs |
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Crestal Irregularities |
appearance of breaks or fuzziness instead of a nice clean line at the crease of the interdental alveolar bone |
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Triangulation |
is the widening of the periodontal ligament space caused by the resorption of bone along either the medial or distal aspect of the interdental crestal bone |
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Pathogenesis |
is the sequence of events that occur during the development of a disease or abnormal condition |
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Gingivitis |
a bacterial infection that is confined to the gingiva - a type of periodontal disease |
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Acute Gingivitis |
lasts for a short period of time - results in swollen gingiva |
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Chronic Gingivitis |
lasts for months or years |
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Reversible (Tissue Damage) |
damage in gingivitis is reversible - that is, with good patient self-care, the body can repair the damage |
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Periodontitis |
type of periodontal disease - apical migration of JE - loss of connective tissue - loss of alveolar bone |
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Inflammation |
body's reaction to injury or invasion by disease-producing organisms - in periodontitis, this results in permanent destruction of the tissues of the periodontium (gingival connective tissue, PDL, alveolar bone) |
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Alveolar Bone Loss |
resorption of alveolar bone as a result of periodontitis |
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Horizontal Bone Loss |
most common pattern of bone loss |
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Vertical Bone Loss |
less common pattern of bone loss |
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Osseous Defects |
results from periodontitis, different types of defects in alveolar bone |
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Infrabony Defects |
bone resorption occurs in an uneven, oblique direction, primarily affects one tooth |
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Osseous Craters |
bowl-shaped defect in the interdental alveolar bone, with bone loss nearly equal on the roots of two adjacent teeth |
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Furcation Involvement |
occurs on multi-rooted teeth when periodontal infection invades the area between and around the roots, resulting in a loss of alveolar bone between the roots of the teeth |
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Attachment Loss |
the destruction of fibers and bone that support the teeth |
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Disease Site |
an area of tissue diseased; may involve only a single surface, may involve several surfaces |
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Inactive Disease Site |
a disease site that is stable, with the attachment level of the JE remaining the same over time |
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Active Disease Site |
a disease site that shows continued apical migration of the JE over time |
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Gingival Pocket |
deepening of the gingival sulcus as a result of swelling or enlargement of the gingival tissue |
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Periodontal Pocket |
pathogenic deepening of the pocket |
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Suprabony Pockets |
occur when there is horizontal bone loss |
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Infrabony Pockets |
occur when there is vertical bone loss |
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Classification |
systematic arrangement into groups or categories based on common attributes |
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Periodontal Disease |
refers to inflammation of the periodontium gingivitis: limited to inflammation of the gingival tissues periodontitis: involves all the structures of the periodontium |
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American Academy of Periodontology |
(AAP) initiated the currently accepted classification by organizing the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions in 1999 |
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Plaque-Induced Gingival Disease |
involving inflammation of the gingiva in response to bacteria located at the gingival margin; most common form of gingival disease |
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Non-Plaque-Induced Gingival Disease |
caused by viral infections, fungal, skin diseases, allergic reactions, mechanical trauma; less common type |
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Chronic Periodontitis |
most common form of periodontitis; bacterial infection within the supporting tissues of the teeth - destruction of PDL fibers and alveolar bone & pocket formation and/or recession of gingival margin |
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Aggressive Periodontitis |
bacterial infection characterized by rapid attachment loss and less response to periodontal therapy - may be localized or generalized |
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Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases |
Hematological (blood) Disorders: leukemia or acquired neutropenia Genetic Disorders: down syndrome or leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome |
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Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases |
NUG: (Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis) tissue necrosis that is limited to the gingival tissues, no attachment loss NUP: (Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis) tissue necrosis combined with loss of attachment and alveolar bone loss |
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Tissue Necrosis |
localized tissue death |
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Periodontal Absess |
localized collection of pus that forms in circumscribed areas of the periodontal tissues |
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Periodontitis associated with Endodontic lesions |
involves infection or death of the tissues of the dental pulp |
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Epidemiology |
study of the health and disease within the total population and the risk factors that influence health and disease |
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Prevalance |
number of all cases (both old and new) of a disease that can be identified within a specified population at a given point in time |
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Incidence |
number of new disease cases in a population that occur over a given period of time |
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Periodontal Pathogens |
bacteria that are capable of infecting the tissues of the periodontium |
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Disease Progression |
in this context, means that disease gets worse |
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Intermittent disease progression theory |
states that periodontal disease is characterized by periods of disease activity and inactivity |
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Risk Factors |
factors that modify or amplify the likelihood of developing periodontal disease. - major established risks are specific baterial pathogens, cigarette smoking and diabetes mellitus |
