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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pericardial diseases are secondry to other conditions such as
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alcoholism or trauma
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Acute pericarditis: Def
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Acute inflammation of the pericardium
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Acute pericarditis: Etiology
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unknown or infection
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Acute pericarditis: Pathology
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membrane becomes inflamed, roughened, exudate with pus may be present
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chest pain associated with Acute pericarditis is described as
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* abrupt, sharp
* increases with respiration * decreases with sitting up and leaning forward |
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Besides chest pain what are three S&S of acute pericarditis?
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1) restlessness/anxiety or irritability
2) low grade fever 3) friction rub (grinding audible with stethoscope) |
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Acute Pericarditis: complications- pericardial effusion
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*excess pericardial fluid
*compress adjoining structures- chamber and lungs |
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Acute pericarditis: Complications- Cardiac tamponade
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effusion inc in quantity or rate. compromises heart filling and emptying
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Cardiac tamponade S&S-pulsus paradoxus
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abnormal in in sytole during inspiration (compression of heart chamber)
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Cardiac tamponade S&S
(3) |
pulsus paradoxus
muffled heart sounds poorly palpable pulses |
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Acute pericarditis diagnostics
(2) |
EKG
*Echocardiogram- can estimate quantity of fluid |
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Treatment of acute pericarditis
(3) |
antibiotics if infection
anti inflammatory/pain meds pericardiocentesis (if severe) |
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Constrictive Pericarditis: def
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Chronic inflammation of pericardium eventually leading to adhesion and scarring
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Constrictive Pericarditis: Etiology
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Unknown but associated with radiation, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis
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Constrictive pericarditis: Pathophysiology
(develops slowly) |
Fibrous scarring, pericardial layers adhere
*heart encased in rigid shell *dec compliance and CO |
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Constrictive pericarditis:
S&S (related to dec CO & Backup) (6) |
*Fatigue/weakness
*SOB on exertion *Exercise intolerance *edema (low flow to kidneys-less excretion) *distension of jugular vein *hepatic congestion |
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Constrictive Pericarditis: Diagnostic
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EKG- similar to acute pericarditis
echocardiogram- view fibrous tissue and adhering layers |
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Constrictive Pericarditis:
Treatment (Chronic disease) (4) |
*Digoxin-inc contractility lower HR -efficiency
*Diuretics/Na resrtiction **surgery- cut part of pericardium allow expansion |
