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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does sensation refer to? |
Information collected by our sense organs. |
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Illustrate colour constancy. |
We know that a white jacket is still the same colour under a blue strobe light although appears to have changed colour. |
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Illustrate shape constancy. |
Even though a door appears to change shape as it opens it is still recognised as a rectangle |
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Illustrate size constancy. |
We know a person is the same size when they walk away from us though they seem to get small. |
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What are the 3 types of constancy? |
Shape, size and colour. |
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What is perception? |
The process through which the visual cortex assembles and combines sensations from the eyes into meaningful images. |
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What is an illusion? |
A mismatch between sensation and perception. |
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Give an example of a well known geometric illusion. |
Ponzo illustration. |
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What trick do geometric illusions play? |
One line or another appears distorted in some way. |
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What trick does ambiguous figures play? |
The picture can be seen in more than one way. |
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Give an example of ambiguous figures. |
Necker cube. |
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What does fictions do? |
See something that isn't there. |
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Give an example of fictions. |
Kaniza Triangle. |
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What is shape constancy? |
We see an object keep its shape even though we see it from different angles. |
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What is colour constancy? |
We see colours the same despite a change in lighting. |
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What is size constancy? |
We know a thing is the same size even as with distance it appears smaller. |
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What is depth perception? |
Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions and the distance of an object. |
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What is linear perspective? |
Lines appear to converge at a distance. |
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What is heights in a plane? |
If an image is higher in our eyes it's seen as being further away/ objects closer to the horizon appear further away. |
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What is relative size? |
Larger objects appear closer VS smaller are further away. |
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What is superimposition? |
If one image blocks or lies across the image of another object, the frontal one is closer. |
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What is texture gradient? |
Less clearly details objects are further away. |
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What does the constructivist theory suggest? |
Perception is constructed using past experiences. That expectation and motivation change the way we perceive things. Top-down! |
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What is top-down processing? |
When perception is dominated by what we expect to see. |
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What is the perceptual set? |
A tendency to perceive something in line with past experience expectations. |
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Give an example of expectation. |
You're more likely to pick a friend out of the crowd when expecting to see them there. |
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Give an example of motivation. |
Our feelings affect what we see: if we're hungry we perceive pictures of food to be brighter than other objects. |
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What are the criticisms of the constructivist theory? |
-If perception is based on experience, why do we as individuals experience the world similarly? -If perception requires experience then how do newborn babies perceive the world? -Illusions question rather than support this theory because we should not fall for the same illusion over and over bc experience?? |
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What does the nativist theory suggest? |
Bottom-up processing. Eyes see it before we think about it. |
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Give an example of bottom-up processing. |
You are looking at a catalogue with 13 different kinds of mobile phone- you just know what they are without having to think despite their differences in shape and colour. |
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Outline the procedure of Haber and Levin's 2002 study into perception. |
9 male college students with good eyesight were taken to a field that was split into 4 sections. The repeated measures design. Students were given clipboards to write down their estimates as to how far away objects were in each section. This continued until they had estimated for all 45 objects in 3 directions. |
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What was in each section of the field in Haber and Levin's 2002 study into perception? |
First: Nothing Second: 15 Real world objects with known sizes (e.g. a milk bottle or door) Third: 15 real world objects with no set size (e.g. a Christmas tree and a teddy bear) Fourth: 15 upright cardboard cut-outs of geometric shapes (circles, rectangles, etc) |
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What were the results for Haber and Levin's 2002 study into perception? |
The estimates were most accurate for objects with set sizes- both near and far- but with the others not so much. |
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What conclusions did Haber and Levin draw? |
It's easier to estimate the distance of familiar objects because participants were relying on past experiences. This supports the constructivist theory of top-down processing. |
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What were the limitations of Haber and Levin's study? |
-Sample was unrepresentative -Artificial setting -Results were subjective, how do we know they all perceived the milk bottle the same way? It could be a coincidence. |
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Talk about subliminal advertising. |
A brief sound or image message with a less than 50% chance of us noticing it. Our unconscious does the rest. In 1950s America, "Eat popcorn" was projected onto movie screens for 1 3000th of a second and popcorn sales went up 50%
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How does "advertising for the brain" work? |
Images from the left eye go to the right brain and visa versa. The emotional part of any advert should be on the left of the screen so it goes to our right brain (the emotional one) and words should go on the right so as to go to our left brain which deals with language. |
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How do we use context in advertising? |
Perception can depend on context. The same pair of jeans may look sexier when modelled by a young glamorous woman than an older dowdy woman. The same burger will look bigger and more appetising on a small plate with a few veggies. |
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look at this nice corgi |
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