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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
input
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entering data into the computer, can refer to the data itself
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processing
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performing operations on the data to convert that input to output
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output
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presenting the results, can refer to the results themselves
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storage
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saving data, programs or output
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communications
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the transmission of data from one device to another
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data
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raw, unorganized facts
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information
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data that has been processed into a meaningful form
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memory
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workspace to hold data as ot's beomg processed
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storage
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permanent location to store information
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hardware
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physical part of the computer
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IP address
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identifies a computer, person or web page on the Internet
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domain name
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text based address used to identify a computer on the Internet
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URL means ____ _____ ____
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Uniform Resource Locator
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URL begins with
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http://
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Uniform Resource Locator
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identifies a web page on the Internet
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software
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used to tell a computer what to do
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operating system
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software that enables a computer to operate and manage its resources and activities
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boot
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start up a computer
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desktop
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background work area dispayed on the screen in MS Windows
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program
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a set of instructions that commands a computer system to perform specific actions
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CPU = _____ _____ _____
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Central Processing Unit
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Central Processing Unit
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chip located inside the system unit that performs processing and controls the computer's operations
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operating system
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main system software program which starts up the computer
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name 3 common operating systems
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Windows, Mac OS, Linuz
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microcomputer
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designed to be used by one person, personal computer
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midrange server
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minicomputer, used to host programs for a small network
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mainframe computer
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used by large organizations
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supercomputer
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fastest, most powerful and expensive type of computer
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computer network
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collection of hardware and devices that are connected together so users can share
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internet
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largest and most well-known network in the world
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ISP = ____ ____ ______
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Internet Service Provider
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Internet Service Provider
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a company that provides internet service usually for a fee
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World Wide Web
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a collection of documents available through the internet
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web site
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a group of web pages belonging to one individual or company
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web server
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computer that is continually connected to the internet and hosts web pages
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web browser
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a porgram used to view web pages
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web page
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a document located on a web server and available through the world wide web
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bit
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binary digit, smallest unt of data
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byte
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a group of 8 bits
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binary number system
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numbering system consists of 0s and 1s
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bit
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a binary digit
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ASCII
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a fixed-length code used to represent text-based data
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unicode
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a coding system fro tex-based data using any language
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EBCDIC
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coding system most otfen associated with IBM mainframes
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motherboard
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tha main circuit board of a computer, located inside the unit
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processor
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another name for CPU
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computer word
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amount of data (bits, byte) that a processor can manipulate as a unit
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cache memory
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a groupf of memory chips lcoated on or near the CPU to speed up processing
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bus
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an electronic path on the motherboard along which data is ransferred
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registers
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High-speed memory built into the CPU that temporarily stores data during processing
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nanotechnology
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The science of creating tiny computers and components by working at the individual atomic and molecular levels
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system clock
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The timing mechanism within the computer system that synchronizes the computer's operations
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expansion slot
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A location on the motherboard into which expansion cards are inserted
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RAM
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random access memory
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random access memory
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Chips connected to the motherboard that provide a temporary location for the computer to hold data and program instructions while they are needed
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parallel processing
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A processing technique that uses multiple processors simultaneously in a single computer, usually to process a single job as fast as possible
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control unit
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The part of the CPU that coordinates its operations.
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port
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A connector on the exterior of a PC's system unit to which a device may be attached
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Universal Serial Bus
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A universal bus used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices to a computer without requiring the use of additional expansion cards.
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arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
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The part of the CPU that performs logical operations and integer arithmetic
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ROM
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Read Only Memory
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Read Only Memory
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nonerasable chips lcoatedon tehe motherboard into which data is permantly stored
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USB
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Universal Serial Bus
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SIMM
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single in-line memory module
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register
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high=speed memory built into the CPU
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pipelining
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the processor begins a new instruction as soon as the previous one reaches the next stage of the machine cycle
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parallel
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processing shared by two or more computers working together
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machine language
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a binary based dialect that the computer can execute directly
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cache memory
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a storage area faster that RAM where the computer stores data is has most recently used
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optical chips use _____ to transmit data
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light waves
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floppy disk
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A low-capacity, removable magnetic disk made of flexible plastic permanently sealed inside a hard plastic cover
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disk cache
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A dedicated part of RAM used to store additional data adjacent to data retrieved during a disk fetch to improve system performance
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magnetic tape
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A plastic tape with a magnetizable surface that stores data as a series of magnetic spots
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hard disk drive
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A storage system consisting of one or more metal magnetic disks permanently sealed with an access mechanism inside its drive.
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optical disc
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type of storage medium read from and written to using a laser beam
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DVD-ROM
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An optical disc, usually holding 4.7 GB, that can be read from, but not written to, by the user.
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volatile
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Describes a medium whose content is erased when the power is shut off
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smart card
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A credit card-sized piece of plastic containing a chip and other circuitry into which data can be stored
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optical character recognition (OCR)
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The ability of a scanning device to recognize handwritten or typed characters and convert them to electronic form as text, not images
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voice-input system
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A system that enables a computer to recognize the human voice
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UPC
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a code tht appears on the packaging of most goods
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dpi
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measure of print resolution
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plotter
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an output device designed primarily to produce maps, blueprints and other large documents
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trackball
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an input device, similar to an upside-down mouse
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RFID
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possible replacement for bar codes
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pixel
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The smallest colorable area in an electronic image
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flat-panel display
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A slim type of display device that uses electronically-charged chemicals or gases instead of an electron gun to display images.
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scanner
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An input device that reads printed text and graphics and transfers them to a computer in digital form
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operating system
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The main component of system software that enables the computer to manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with the user
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multiprocessing
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The capability of an operating system to use multiple processors in a single computer,
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multitasking
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the capacility of an operating system to execute two or more programs concurrently
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time sharing
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a technique in which the computer assigns a specific processing time allotment to each program and then rotates between the programs accordingly
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utility
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system software programs written to perform standard processing tasks such as sorting and copying data
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booting
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loading the operating system into RAM
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spooling
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The process of placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device (such as a printer) when needed
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UNIX
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an operating system for midrange servers
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Linux
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a version of UNIX available free over the internet
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buffer
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An area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way in or out of the system
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virtual memory
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A memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as an extension to a PC's RAM
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application software
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Programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer, such as writing a letter or playing a game
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system software
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operating system, controls the operation of a computer and its devices
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file compression programs
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reduce the size of files
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freeware
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programs that are free for others to use
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software suite
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A collection of software programs bundled together and sold as a single software package
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commercial software
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copyrighted software that is developed, usually by a commercial company, for sale to others
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shareware
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software that is distributed on the honor system; should be either paid for or uninstalled after the trial period
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Application Service Providers
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a companyt that manages and distributes software based services over the internet
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database
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A collection of related data that is stored in a manner enabling information to be retrieved as needed; in a relational database, a collection of related tables
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