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108 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
input
entering data into the computer, can refer to the data itself
processing
performing operations on the data to convert that input to output
output
presenting the results, can refer to the results themselves
storage
saving data, programs or output
communications
the transmission of data from one device to another
data
raw, unorganized facts
information
data that has been processed into a meaningful form
memory
workspace to hold data as ot's beomg processed
storage
permanent location to store information
hardware
physical part of the computer
IP address
identifies a computer, person or web page on the Internet
domain name
text based address used to identify a computer on the Internet
URL means ____ _____ ____
Uniform Resource Locator
URL begins with
http://
Uniform Resource Locator
identifies a web page on the Internet
software
used to tell a computer what to do
operating system
software that enables a computer to operate and manage its resources and activities
boot
start up a computer
desktop
background work area dispayed on the screen in MS Windows
program
a set of instructions that commands a computer system to perform specific actions
CPU = _____ _____ _____
Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit
chip located inside the system unit that performs processing and controls the computer's operations
operating system
main system software program which starts up the computer
name 3 common operating systems
Windows, Mac OS, Linuz
microcomputer
designed to be used by one person, personal computer
midrange server
minicomputer, used to host programs for a small network
mainframe computer
used by large organizations
supercomputer
fastest, most powerful and expensive type of computer
computer network
collection of hardware and devices that are connected together so users can share
internet
largest and most well-known network in the world
ISP = ____ ____ ______
Internet Service Provider
Internet Service Provider
a company that provides internet service usually for a fee
World Wide Web
a collection of documents available through the internet
web site
a group of web pages belonging to one individual or company
web server
computer that is continually connected to the internet and hosts web pages
web browser
a porgram used to view web pages
web page
a document located on a web server and available through the world wide web
bit
binary digit, smallest unt of data
byte
a group of 8 bits
binary number system
numbering system consists of 0s and 1s
bit
a binary digit
ASCII
a fixed-length code used to represent text-based data
unicode
a coding system fro tex-based data using any language
EBCDIC
coding system most otfen associated with IBM mainframes
motherboard
tha main circuit board of a computer, located inside the unit
processor
another name for CPU
computer word
amount of data (bits, byte) that a processor can manipulate as a unit
cache memory
a groupf of memory chips lcoated on or near the CPU to speed up processing
bus
an electronic path on the motherboard along which data is ransferred
registers
High-speed memory built into the CPU that temporarily stores data during processing
nanotechnology
The science of creating tiny computers and components by working at the individual atomic and molecular levels
system clock
The timing mechanism within the computer system that synchronizes the computer's operations
expansion slot
A location on the motherboard into which expansion cards are inserted
RAM
random access memory
random access memory
Chips connected to the motherboard that provide a temporary location for the computer to hold data and program instructions while they are needed
parallel processing
A processing technique that uses multiple processors simultaneously in a single computer, usually to process a single job as fast as possible
control unit
The part of the CPU that coordinates its operations.
port
A connector on the exterior of a PC's system unit to which a device may be attached
Universal Serial Bus
A universal bus used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices to a computer without requiring the use of additional expansion cards.
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
The part of the CPU that performs logical operations and integer arithmetic
ROM
Read Only Memory
Read Only Memory
nonerasable chips lcoatedon tehe motherboard into which data is permantly stored
USB
Universal Serial Bus
SIMM
single in-line memory module
register
high=speed memory built into the CPU
pipelining
the processor begins a new instruction as soon as the previous one reaches the next stage of the machine cycle
parallel
processing shared by two or more computers working together
machine language
a binary based dialect that the computer can execute directly
cache memory
a storage area faster that RAM where the computer stores data is has most recently used
optical chips use _____ to transmit data
light waves
floppy disk
A low-capacity, removable magnetic disk made of flexible plastic permanently sealed inside a hard plastic cover
disk cache
A dedicated part of RAM used to store additional data adjacent to data retrieved during a disk fetch to improve system performance
magnetic tape
A plastic tape with a magnetizable surface that stores data as a series of magnetic spots
hard disk drive
A storage system consisting of one or more metal magnetic disks permanently sealed with an access mechanism inside its drive.
optical disc
type of storage medium read from and written to using a laser beam
DVD-ROM
An optical disc, usually holding 4.7 GB, that can be read from, but not written to, by the user.
volatile
Describes a medium whose content is erased when the power is shut off
smart card
A credit card-sized piece of plastic containing a chip and other circuitry into which data can be stored
optical character recognition (OCR)
The ability of a scanning device to recognize handwritten or typed characters and convert them to electronic form as text, not images
voice-input system
A system that enables a computer to recognize the human voice
UPC
a code tht appears on the packaging of most goods
dpi
measure of print resolution
plotter
an output device designed primarily to produce maps, blueprints and other large documents
trackball
an input device, similar to an upside-down mouse
RFID
possible replacement for bar codes
pixel
The smallest colorable area in an electronic image
flat-panel display
A slim type of display device that uses electronically-charged chemicals or gases instead of an electron gun to display images.
scanner
An input device that reads printed text and graphics and transfers them to a computer in digital form
operating system
The main component of system software that enables the computer to manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with the user
multiprocessing
The capability of an operating system to use multiple processors in a single computer,
multitasking
the capacility of an operating system to execute two or more programs concurrently
time sharing
a technique in which the computer assigns a specific processing time allotment to each program and then rotates between the programs accordingly
utility
system software programs written to perform standard processing tasks such as sorting and copying data
booting
loading the operating system into RAM
spooling
The process of placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device (such as a printer) when needed
UNIX
an operating system for midrange servers
Linux
a version of UNIX available free over the internet
buffer
An area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way in or out of the system
virtual memory
A memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as an extension to a PC's RAM
application software
Programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer, such as writing a letter or playing a game
system software
operating system, controls the operation of a computer and its devices
file compression programs
reduce the size of files
freeware
programs that are free for others to use
software suite
A collection of software programs bundled together and sold as a single software package
commercial software
copyrighted software that is developed, usually by a commercial company, for sale to others
shareware
software that is distributed on the honor system; should be either paid for or uninstalled after the trial period
Application Service Providers
a companyt that manages and distributes software based services over the internet
database
A collection of related data that is stored in a manner enabling information to be retrieved as needed; in a relational database, a collection of related tables