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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measure HC until how old?
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2-3 years
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Infants temp is usually?
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99.5 F
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What's a usual pulse for 3mos-2yrs old?
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80-150
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True apnea is at least how long of not breathing?
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20 seconds
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What's normal respirations for 6 mos. to 2 years?
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20 to 30
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If the blood pressure cuff is too small, what will happen?
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you'll get a false high
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What's a normal bp of an infant?
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80/40
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children less than 2 years old will have a positive reaction to what reflex?
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Babinski
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This type of development occurs along the body's long axis. Control over the head, the mouth, and eye movements proceeds control over the upper body, torso, and legs.
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Cephalocaudal
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This type of development progresses from the center of the body to the extremities. The child develops arm movement before fine motor finger ability. Development is symmetric with each side developing in the same direction at the same time.
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Proximodistal
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When might the Denver Developmental Screening Test II be done on a child?
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Ages 0 to 6 years
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What's the Number 1 cause of mortality in all pediatric age groups?
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accidents
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What is the primary defense mechanism of toddlers and preschoolers?
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regression
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What is a common concept in ill preschool children?
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magical thinking
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What is an ill schoolager's primary defense mechanism?
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reaction formation
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What are the primary defense mechanisms of hospitalized aedolescents?
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denial and displacement
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How do preschoolers view death?
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as temporary and reversible
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What is the point at which someone first feels pain?
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pain threshold
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What is the point at which a person is not willing to bear any more pain?
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pain tolerance
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What is the QUESTT pain assessment?
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Question the child
Use pain rating scales Evaluate behavior and physiologic chantges Secure parents' involvement Take cause of pain into account Take action and evaluate results |
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This age group may assume that the nurse knows they are in pain.
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Schoolagers
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What pain scales may be used for a newborn/infant?
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neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) or CRIES
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What pain scales may be used for toddlers and preschoolers?
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FLACC, Oucher, faces
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What pain scales may be used for school age children?
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oucher, faces, pocker chip, work graphic, visual analogue
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What herbal supplements do parents sometimes give for inflammation?
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chamomile/garlic
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This is when a parent fabricates an illness in her child.
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Munchausens by proxy
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What are some clinical manifestations of emotional abuse in a child?
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physical: developmental delays, enuresis, sleep problems
behavioral: habit disorders, fearfulness, conduct problems, behavior extremes |
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What are the major side effects to be concerned about when giving Straterra?
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liver damage, suicide
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These alpha agonists are given to children with ADHD, tics, or agression
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Catapres, Tenex
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SSRIs are given to children with depression, anxiety, or pervasive developmental disorders. Name some.
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Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox, Celexa
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What are some of the side effects of tricyclic antidepressants (-amine)?
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sedation, headache, dry mouth, GI upset, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, blurry vision, urinary retention, EKG changes
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What are the side effects of antipsychotic meds (Haldol, Orap, Prolixin, Mellaril)?
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sedation, movement disorders, wt gain, cognitive blunting, decreased seizure threshold
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Atypical antipsychotics such as Clozapine, Risperdal, Zyprexa, and Serloquel are useful in treating psychosis, tics, PDD, agression, and bipolar disorder. Side effects?
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sedation, movement disorders, wt gain, cognitive blunting, decreased seizure threshold, EKG changes
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Mood stabilizers such as Lithium, Depakote, Tegretol, and Neurontin, have what side effects?
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acne, polyuria, weight gain, dizziness, tremor, sedation
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Mild MR is an IQ of what?
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50 to 70
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What qualifies as moderate MR?
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35 to 55
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What IQ qualifies as Severe MR?
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20 to 40
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Below 20 IQ is classified as what?
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Profound MR
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This is characterized by marked impairment in social interaction and communication, and a restricted repertoire of activity and interests.
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autism
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This child has normal or high intelligence, is clumsy, has poor handwriting, and exhibits autistic behavior such as hand flapping. Verbal functioning is normal but social deficits are striking.
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Aspergers
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This is characterized by repetitive, persistently disruptive and wilfully disobedient behaviors, including violations of age-appropriate norms and social rules.
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conduct disorder
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This is a milder form of conduct disorder with less extreme behaviors. Behaviors do not violate the rights of others. Examples: defiance, hostility, low frustration tolerance, substance use
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Oppositional defiant disorder
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Greatest risk for developing substance abuse disorder is between what ages?
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15 and 24 years
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This is a non-progressive motor dysfunction that occurs secondary to CNS insults of congenital, hypoxic, or traumatic origin, occurring in the prenatal, perinatal or postnatal (up to 2 years) period.
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Cerebral palsy
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What is the single most important determinant of CP?
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prematurity
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What is the most common manifestation in all types of CP?
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delayed gross development
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This is a group of disorders that cause progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscle.
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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What causes MD?
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dystrophin, a protein product in skeletal muscle, is absent in the muscles
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What are initial s/s of MD?
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weakness in pelvic girdle, delays in motor developemnt, difficulties running, climbins stairs
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What are common respiratory infections in children?
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RSV, flu, Croup
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What is a common GI infection in a child?
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rotavirus
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What are common skin infections in children?
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impetigo, ringworm, lice, contact dermatitis
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Why is mumps on the rise again?
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children aren't getting immunized
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Airborne precautions are used with what diseases?
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Measles, varicells, TB
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What does airborne precautions involve?
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private room with negative air pressure, keep door closed
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What diseases require droplet precautions?
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invasive HIB, meningitis, pertussis, mumps, strep pharyngitis
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What is a characteristic symptom of scarlet fever?
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strawberry tongue
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This is a state in which an individual has antibodies capable of preventing a specific disease.
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immunity
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a type of protein known as immunoglobulins that are produced by lymphoid tissues like the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
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antibody
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any agent that stimulates a response by the immune system
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antigen
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what is naturarlly acquired active immune protection?
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antibody production that is stimulated after exposure to a disease--lasts for life
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what is nautrally acquired passive immunity?
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no active immune process is involved, the antibodies are passively received
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what is artificially acquired passive immunity?
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antibodies are injected without stimulating the immune response
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What are the types of immunizations?
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inactivated, toxoid, live virus, recombinant, or conjugated
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What is DaPT?
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Diptheria-acellular pertussis-tetanus given IM
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What is given to prevent polio?
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inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
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What does MMR vaccinate against?
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measles, mumps, rubella
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What are some side effects of the MMR vaccine?
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transient rash, pruritis, low-grade fever, and athralgia
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Hib or Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine protects against what?
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A number of serious diseases caused by Hib, including meningitis, epiglottis, pneumonia, sepsis, and septic arthritis.
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This is a universal immunization starting at birth.
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Hepatitis B (HBV)
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This is spread from person to person and in contaminated food and water so the vaccination is given to children at 12 month visit and booster at 18 months.
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Heptatitis A
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This vaccine is given orally at 2, 4, and 6 month visits. It's a live vaccine, may cause mild diarrhea.
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Rotavirus
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This vaccine recommended for children 11-12 years old.
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Meningococcal
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This is a live vaccine given after age 12 months.
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varicella
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