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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are labs to get for a neonate with signs of infection?
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• CBC
• Chem-7 • CXR • UA • CSF |
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Infants under 2 months of age are at risk for what bacterial infections?
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• GBS (most common)
• E. Coli • Listeria |
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Infants under 2 months of age are at risk for which viral infections?
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• Herpes Simplex
• Adenovirus • Enterovirus |
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What is the treatment for neonatal sepsis?
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• GBS » Pen G
• Empiric therapy » Ampicillin & Aminoglycoside |
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What tests should be done on body fluids?
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• cell count
• culture • glucose • gram stain • protein |
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What is a normal cell count in CSF?
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10
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What is normal glucose level in CSF?
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2/3 of the blood glucose
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True/False: Babies under 2 months of age who present with fever but otherwise look healthy should arouse suspicious for sepsis
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• Babies under 2 months have a 15% of dying if infected with GBS
• these patients should have a full septic workup and be treated with antibiotics • The correct answer is: True |
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What is the treatment for a fever in a baby under 2 months?
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• treat w/ broad spectrum antibiotics (Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime) while cultures are pending
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Children 3 months - 3 years with fever and no obvious source should be suspected of having what?
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Occult bacteremia (85% caused by Strep pneumonia)
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What is the most likely cause of purpura fulminans?
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N. meniginitis (Meningiococcemia)
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What is the MCC of meningitis?
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viral (80% due to enterovirus)
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What is the MCC bacterial cause of meningitis?
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Streptococcus
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Which type of meningitis is most common in the summer or fall?
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meningitis caused by enterovirus
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What are complications of meningitis?
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• behavioral problem
• cerebellar or cerebral herniation • cranial nerve palsy • language delay • mental retardation • seizures • sensorineural hearing loss (usually caused by H. flu) • SIADH • stroke • visual impairment |
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What would CSF look like in a patient with bacterial meningitis?
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• WBC elevated
• protein increased • glucose decreased |
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What can be given to prevent Strep pneumoniae infection?
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Prevnar
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What are complications of the flu?
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• secondary bacterial otitis media
• pneumonia • less common (acute myositis, myocarditis) |
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What is an absolute contraindication to the flu vaccine?
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allergy to eggs
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When is a child with chickenpox contagious?
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24-48 hrs before rash until all vesicles are crusted (usually 3-7 days)
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When would you use Acyclovir to treat Varicella-zoster virus (Chikenpox)?
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• immunocompromised patients
• severe cases of chickenpox • adults with chickenpox |
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What are complications of chickenpox?
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• secondary bacterial infection (skin infection caused by Strep pyogens or Staph aureus)
• bacterial pneumonia • necrotizing fascitis • encephalitis |
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What is the causative agent for Tetanus?
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neurotoxin from Clostridium tetani
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What is the early clinical manifestation of Lyme disease?
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• annular rash (erythema migrans)
• usually 7-14 days after bite |
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Arthritis is a manifestation of the late stages of Lyme disease. What joint is most often affected in Lyme disease?
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large joints (knee)
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What is the treatment for Lyme disease?
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• Doxycycline
OR • Amoxicillin |
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What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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What is the treatment for Rocky Mountatin Spotted Fever?
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Tetracycline
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What is the MCC of pharyngitis?
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viral (90%)
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What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis?
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group A strep
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True/False: Bacterial pharyngitis is very common in children younger than 2 yrs
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• Bacterial pharyngitis is uncommon in young children
• The correct answer is: False |
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What is the presentation of Herpangina?
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ulcers in anterior pillars and soft palate
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What causes Herpangina?
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Coxsakie A virus
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How is Strep pharyngitis diagnosed?
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• rapid strep antigen test
• culture (gold standard) |
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What is the treatment for Strep pharyngitis?
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• Viral: symptomatic
• Bacterial: Pen G |
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What are complications of Strep pharyngitis?
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• peritonsillar abscess
• rheumatic fever |
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What causes scarlet fever?
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group A streptococci producing erythrogenic toxin
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What are clinical manifestations of scarlet fever?
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• erythematous rash with superimposed fine red papules (most intense in groin and axillae)
• flushed face • circumoral pallor • strawberry tongue (tongue coated with enlarged red papillae) |
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What causes Otitis Media?
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eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction
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What is the most common cause of Otitis Media?
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Viral (RSV, adenovirus, influenza)
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What is the most important complication of recurrent otitis media?
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hearing loss
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What is the treatment for otitis media?
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• 1st line: Amoxicillin
• 2nd line: - Augmentin - Cefuroxime - Ceftriaxone • treatment for recurrent failures: myringotomy or tympanocentesis |
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What is laryngomalacia?
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cartilage of the upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation, causing airway obstruction
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What is tracheomalacia?
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flaccidity of the tracheal support cartilage which leads to tracheal collapse especially when increased airflow is demanded
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What is another name for Croup?
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acute laryngotracheobronchitis
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What is the most common cause of croup?
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viral (parainfluenza type 1 is most common)
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How do patients with croup present?
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• barking cough
• inspiratory stridor • increased respiratory rate • retractions |
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What is the radiographic finding of croup?
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steeple sign
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What is the treatment for croup without stridor? with stridor?
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• without stridor: dexamethasone
• with stridor: racemic epinephrine |
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How do patients with epiglotitis present?
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• drooling
• dysphagia • inspiratory retraction • muffled voice • stridor • sudden onset fever |
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What is the treatment of choice for sinusitis?
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• Amoxicillin
OR • Amoxicillin plus Clavulanate (Augmentin) * treatment for 14-21 days |
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What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
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RSV
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