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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most powerful diagnostic tool?
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History of Present Illness
80-90% of diagnoses from history alone. |
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A child is not....
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just a small adult
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Place these in the correct order for the peds exam:
Palpation, Auscultation, Observation, Manipulation |
Observation
Auscultation Palpation Manipulation |
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What are the last areas to inspect on the physical exam of a peds pt?
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Ears and throat
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At what point should a newborn return to its birth weight?
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by 2 weeks
*double BW by 4 mos *triple BW by 12 mos |
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How long does the AAP advocate breastfeeding?
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The first year of life.
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If you use formula make sure its _____ ________!
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Iron Fortified
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What are three advantages of breastfeeding?
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Decreased infections
Neurocognitive benefits Bonding |
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At what age can you introduce solids?
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4-6 mos
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What are some allergy-prone foods to delay giving your child?
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Eggs, Milk, Soy, Wheat, Fish/Shellfish, Peanuts, or nut products.
Avoid honey entirely.(botulism) |
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What vitamins should you provide breastfed babies?
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Vit A, D, C
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What are the most common diseases in children? And what's one way to counter it?
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1) Dental diseases
2) Fluoride, or fluoridated water |
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What mineral should be highly considered in premature infants?
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Iron
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Name some choking food hazards in young kids?
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Nuts, popcorn, raw veggies, hotdogs
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What does feeding jags mean?
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A bout of unrestrained eating
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List the milk timeline for peds.
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Whole milk 1-2 yrs old
2% milk 2-3 yrs old reduced fat 3-5 yrs old |
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Developmental Motor Milestones...
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1-2 mos = lifts head in prone position
3-4 mos = reaches for object 6-8 mos = sits independently 8-10 mos= pulls to standing 11-13 mos= independent steps |
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What type of vaccine is the Hep B, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Inactivated viral antigen
AE: Fever |
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What type of vaccine is the MMR, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Attenuated live virus
AE: Fever, rash |
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What type of vaccine is the Varivax, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Attenuated live virus
AE: Rash, fever, local reactions, rare virus transmission. |
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What type of vaccine is the HIB, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: polysaccharide-protein conjugate
AE: Fever, local reaction |
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What type of vaccine is the IPV, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Inactivated Polio Vaccine
AE: None |
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What type of vaccine is the DTaP, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type:D, T = toxoids, P = inactivated purified subunit
AE: local reaction, mild fever, local limb swelling w/ booster |
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What type of vaccine is the Prevnar 13, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: 13-Valent Polysaccharide Protein Conjugate
AE: fever, local reaction |
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What type of vaccine is the Rotavirus, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Live Oral Pentavalent Vaccine
AE: none |
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What type of vaccine is the HPV-4, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Quadrivalent Recombinant Vaccine
AE: pain, syncope, local reaction |
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What type of vaccine is the Tdap, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Tetanus-diptheria toxoid + pertussis (acellular)
AE: local reaction |
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What type of vaccine is the MCV-4, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate
AE: Fever, HA, local reaction |
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What type of vaccine is the HAV, and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Inactivated Viral Antigen
AE: mild HA, local reaction |
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What type of vaccine is the Influenza (TIV), and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine
AE: none |
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What type of vaccine is the LAIV (Flumist), and what is its adverse effect(s)?
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Type: Live attenuated intranasal vaccine
AE: none |
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What is the schedule for HBV?
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1) Birth
2) 1-2 mos 3) 6-18 mos |
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What is the schedule for MMR?
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1) 12-15 mos
2) 4-6 yrs |
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What is the schedule for Varivax (varicella vaccine)?
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1) 12-15 mos
2) 4-6 yrs |
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What is the schedule for HIB (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B)?
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1) 2 mos
2) 4 mos 3) 6 mos 4) 12-15 mos |
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What is the schedule for IPV (polio vaccine)?
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1) 2 mos
2) 4 mos 3) 6-12 mos 4) 4-6 yrs |
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What is the schedule for DTaP?
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1) 2 mos
2) 4 mos 3) 6 mos 4) 15-18 mos 5) 4-6 yrs |
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What is the schedule for Prevnar 13?
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1) 2 mos
2) 4 mos 3) 6 mos 4) 12-15 mos |
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What is the schedule for Rotavirus?
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1) 2 mos
2) 4 mos 3) 6 mos *no doses after 8 mos!!! |
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What is the schedule for HPV-4 (Gardasil)?
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Target age to start 11-12 yo for females, 9-18 yo for males
1) start dose 2) 2 mos later 3) 6 mos later |
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What is the schedule for Tdap?
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1) Adacel: age 11-64 yrs
2) Boostrix: 10-64 yrs |
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What is the schedule for MCV-4 (meningococcal vaccine)?
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1) 11-12 yo or 16 yo
*2-10 yo in high risk groups only |
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What is the schedule for hep A vaccine (HAV)?
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1) start dose
2) 6-12 mos later |
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What is the schedule for Influenza?
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Between Sept-Nov.
< 9 yo: 2 doses, 1 mo apart > 9 yo: single dose annually < 6 mos = no vaccine |
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What is the HBIG vaccine?
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It's given to infants of HBsAg (+) mothers aka Hep B carrying mothers.
Given with HBV vaccine within 12 hrs of birth as post exposure prophylaxis. |
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When is Flumist contraindicated?
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< 2 yo
Asthma, DM, Immunosuppressed |
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What is the name of the MMR + Varivax combo vaccine? And what is a risk factor of it?
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Proquad (MMRV)
there is an increased risk of febrile seizures following the initial dose |
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Even after getting a Varicella Vaccine (Varivax), you can still have a....
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"mild breakthough" disease, but it's rare.
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Which vaccine combines DTaP, IPV, and HIB?
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Pentacel
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Which vaccine combines DTaP, HBV, and IPV?
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Pediatrix
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What do high risk patients receive along with Prevnar 13 (pneumococcal vaccine PCV)?
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PPV-23 (aka Pneumovax) after age 2.
*high risk = sickle cell disease, asplenia, immunocompromised |
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What is asplenia?
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Absence of normal spleen function
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What are two names of Rotavirus vaccines?
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RotaTeq (RV5)
Rotarix (RV1) |
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What types of HPV vaccine cover genital warts? Cervical cancer?
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Genital warts = 6, 11
cervical cancer = 16,18 |
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What is the name of the bivalent HPV vaccine for females 10-25 yo?
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Cervarix
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What are two names of MCV-4 vaccines?
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Menactra, Menveo
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What are the 4 live vaccines?
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MMR, Varivax, Nasal Flu shot (LAIV), Rotavirus
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What is "The New DWI"?
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Texting while driving. Increases crash risk 20x
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What's the rules to follow with a trampoline?
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"One at a time"
adult supervision |
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Presence of gun in home...
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Triples the risk of homicide
Increases risk of suicide 5x |
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Children can drown...
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in a 3-5 gal bucket!
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A child, despite swimming lessons is not considered water safe until...
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> 4 yrs old
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Appropriate hot water heater temperature setting in home for peds is?
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120-125 F
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What amount of choking causes are food related?
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2/3 of the time its food
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What is the best way to reduce SIDS?
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"Back to Sleep" have child sleep in supine position.
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Who is required to be in a booster seat?
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under 4'9" and/or 80 lbs. Utah's law is 8 yo.
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At what age can a kid ride in the front seat?
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13 yo
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How long should a child be in a rear-facing carseat?
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Until 2 yo
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Remember, "Accidents are _______"
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Preventable!
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Childhood injuries are the leading cause of US deaths between ages of .....
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1-19 yrs. More than all other diseases combined.
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At what age is lipid screening valid?
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after age 2. Also depends on family hx and if child is overweight.
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When does vision screening start for kids? Hearing?
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age 3 for vision
age 4 for hearing |
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Hematocrit screening starts at age.....
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12 mos.
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Selective screening of lipids and lead for high risk populations begins at ages:
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Lead > 1 yr.
Lipids > 2 yrs |
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What are the acceptable levels of cholesterol?
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< 170=good
> 200=elevated |
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what are the acceptable levels of LDL of a kid?
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< 110=good
> 130=elevated |
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What is the test used for autism Dx?
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M-CHAT
(Modified Checklist for Autisum in Toddlers) |
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What are the 4 spectrum disorders of autism?
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1) Impairment in social interaction
2) impairment in communication 3) restricted interests 4)repetitive activities |
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Between the two, Asperger's syndrome shows higher functionality than ...
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autism
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In what gender is Autism more common?
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males 4:1 over females
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Developmental milestones: Receptive Language
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1-2 mos = social smile
2-4 mos = laughs 7-9 mos = understands "no" 12 mos = follows 1 step command 15 mos = points to 1-2 body parts |
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Developmental milestones: Speech
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6-7 mos = babbles
9-10 mos = dada/mama 11-12 mos = first word 15 mos = 4-6 words 20 mos = 2 word phrases |
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How much of the child's speech is intelligible at 18 mos, 24 mos, and 30-36 mos?
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18 mos = 50%
24 mos = 75% 30-36 mos = nearly all speech |
