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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common cause of cardiac arrest in a child |
Lack of oxygen supply to heart 2nd to pulmonary problem |
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Most common cause of airway obstruction |
victim's tongue |
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Pulse is assessed in the _ in infants and in the _ for children. |
infants: brachial artery |
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Shock may be classifed based on _ or _. |
Degree of compensation (look at BP) or by cause. |
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Most common cause of Shock in children |
Hypovolemic shock (e.g. hemorrage or dehydration) |
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Describe the 2 stages of Septic Shock. |
1) hyperdynamic stage: normal output with bounding pulses, warm extremities, and wide pulse pressures |
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What is neurogenic shock? |
often 2nd to spinal cord transection, characterized by loss of sympathetic vasoconstriction with pooling of venous blood/hypotension |
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T/F - shock can be difficult to notice since compensatory mechanisms that prevent hypotension 25% of intravascular volume is lost. |
true- look for tachycardia before BP falls |
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What is the workup for suspected shock? |
CBC, Electrolytes, BUN/Cr, Ca + Glucose, Coag Factors (DIC), Tox Screen |
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What is the proper bolus equation? |
20ml/kg LR or NS |
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Leading cause of death in children older than 1 yoa? |
Trauma (lead by MVA) |
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A specific fear in bone injuries of children? |
the weak epiphyseal-metaphyseal jxn which puts growth plate at highest risk of injury. |
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Workup for Trauma. |
1. ABCDE |
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Infants are at risk of bleeding in the subgaleal and epidural areas during Trauma b/c of _. |
open fontanelles and cranial sutures |
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Epidural hematoma is Associated with tearing of the _. |
middle meningeal artery |
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_ is Associated with tearing of the middle meningeal artery. |
Epidural hematoma |
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Epidural hematoma is associated with the radiographic finding of _. |
lenticular density |
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_ is associated with the radiographic finding of lenticular density. |
Epidural hematoma |
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Subdural hematoma is associated with tearing of the _. |
meningeal veins |
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_ is associated with tearing of the meningeal veins. |
Subdural hematoma |
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Radiographic evidence of _ is crescentic density. |
subdural hematoma |
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Radiographic evidence of subdural hematoma is _. |
crescentic density |
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Area most often affected within the brain parenchyma? |
temporal or frontal lobe. |
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1st sign of increased ICP. 1st symptom? |
sign: pupil changes and altered mental status, |
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_ is an early sign of herniation in children younger than 4 yoa. |
Bradycardia |
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Cushing's triad, a late sign of impending herniaiton is characterized by _ |
bradycardia, hypertension, irregular breathing |
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Management of increased ICP. |
1. mild hyperventilation with 100% o2 |
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T/F - Waiting for radiographic confimation of the diagnosis of tension pneumothorax can lead to a patient's death. |
True - emergenct chest decompression |
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Second most common cause of accidental death in children |
burns (most common scalding) |
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1st degree burn; |
1st: epidermis, red blanching skin, painful, no scar; |
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Rx of 1st degree burn? 2nd degree burn? 3rd degree? |
1. moisturizer and analgesic |
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T/F - Treatment of near drowner is the same regardless of whether it occured in salt or fresh water. |
True - rewarm body core with warm saline gastric lavage |
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Specific risk factor sfor child abuse (4) |
Age younger than 4, Mental retardation, history of premature birth, chronic illness |
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T/F - Unlike physical abuse there are typically no overt physical signs of trauma in sexual abuse. |
True- 80% are female and show signs of sexual behavior as a red flag, but is typically normal |
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Most common cause of death in children younger than 1 yoa. |
SIDS |
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Postmortem examination of SIDS often finds _. |
intrathoracic petechiae. |
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Odors |
Bitter almond - cyanide. |
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Skin Findings |
Cherry Red - CO or Cyanide. |
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Radiogrphic substances |
CHIPE: choloral hydrate and calcium, heavy meatals, iodine and iron, phenothiazines, enteric coated tablets |
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T/F - Syrup of ipecac is theoretically effective only within the first 30 minutes after ingestion. |
True |
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Contraindications of gastric lavage. |
caustic, hydrocarbon, nontoxic ingestions, and delayed presentation. |
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T/F - evidence suggests that activated charcoal improves clinical outcome, especially if given within 1 hour after an ingestion. |
True |
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How is whole bowel irrigation accomplished? |
polyethylene glycol and electrolyte solution. |
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How does tylenol cause hepatic damage? |
depletion of glutathione |
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Rx for Tylenol ingestion. |
1. gastric lavage |
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Common physical exam finding of salicylate poisioning. |
tinnitus |
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Rx for Salicylate poisioning. |
1. gastric lavage |
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IV _ binds iron in iron poisoning. |
deferoxamine (look for pink urine) |
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Smear findings of lead intoxication. X ray? |
microcytic anemia with basophilic stipling. metaphyseal bands |
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Caustic acid can lead to _ that produce superficial damage to the GI tract. |
coagulation necrosis |
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Caustic alkali can lead to _ that produce deep and penetrating damage to GI tract. |
liquefaction necrosis |
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Treatment of Caustic Agents. |
1. no neutralization (exothermic) |
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2 Physical exam findings of CO poisoning. |
cherry red skin, and retinal hemorrages |
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Rx of CO poisoning. |
1 100% oxygen |
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T/F -Bite wounds on the face, large wounds, and wounds less than 12 hours old should be sutured. |
True |
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Black widow spider, with red hourglass marking can cause _ and _ as pathognomic signs. |
sever hypertension, muscle cramps |
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Treatment of Brown Recluse Bite. |
local wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, there is no antivenin |
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Metallic taste in the mouth can be associated with? |
snake bites |
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T/F - Incision, Tourniquets and Suction are not recommended on pit viper snake bites. |
True |
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Coral Snake Saying |
Red next to yellow kill a fellow, red next to black friend of jack |