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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
APGAR?
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Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations
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Thin hair that covers the skin of preterm infants?
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Lanugo
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Thick, white creamy material found in term infants and covering preemies
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Vernix Caseosa
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What is cutis marmorata?
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mottling of the skin with venous prominence
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T/F - Jaundice is always abnormal if detected within the 1st 24 hours.
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True
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Small cysts formed around the pilosebaceous follicles over the nose.
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Milia
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benign transient rash characterized by superficial vesicles over a dark macular base.
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Pustular melanosis
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Benign rash in 1st 72 hours of life, "flea bites on trunk", lesions are filled with?
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Erythema toxicum neonatorum, filled with eosionphils
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most common vascular lesion of infancy that is often transient
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Nevus simplex aka "Stork bite", "salmon pathch"
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Becomes darker with increasing postnatal age
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Nevus flammeus or port wine stain
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PWS + seziures and intracranial caclifications think
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Sturge-Weber Syndrome
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Head circumference below the 10th %
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Microcephaly
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Diffuse edema that crosses cranial sutures
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caput succedaneum
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subperiosteal hemorrages that are limited by cranial sutures
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cephalohematomas
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Premature fusion of the cranial sutures
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Craniosynostosis
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Ping pong ball head, not related to rickets
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Craniotabes
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Micrognathia, cleft palate, glossoptosis with Obstruction of upper airway
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Pierre Robin Syndrome
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Small, white epidermioid mucoid cysts found on hte hard palate, and usually disappear within a few weeks
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Epstein Pearls
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T/F - Preterm infants breathe irregularly with short apenic burst that last 5-10 secons and have no clinical significance.
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True - Periodic breathing
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Diminshed femoral pulses suggest?
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coarctation of the aorta
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Increase femoral pulses?
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PDA
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Umbilicus has _ artery and _ vein
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2 arteries and 1 vein
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Separation of the L and R side of the recuts abdominis at the midline?
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Diastasis Recti (no Rx necessary)
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Prescence of of urine draining from the umbilicus should clue u in on?
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Persistent Urachus
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T/F - Hypospadias is not associated with an increased incidence of associatiate Urinary malformations.
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True
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T/F - Epispadias is not associated with an increased incidence of associatiate Urinary malformations.
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False - often associatated with bladder exstrophy
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T/F - Cryptoorchid testes that do not descend by 12 moa are predisposed to malignancy.
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True
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Define preterm.
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< 37 weeks from 1st day of LMP
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Define postterm.
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occurs 42 weeks or more
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Define Small for Gestational Age.
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below the 5th % (due to IUGR)
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Define Large for Gestational Age.
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above 90th %
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T/F - Cyanosis always constitutes and emergency in a neonate.
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True
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5 T's of cyanotic congenital heart disease
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Truncus Arteriosus, Transposition, Tricuspid Atresia, Tetralogy of Fallot, Total anomalous Pulmonary veounous connection
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Lab workup of cyanotic neonate.
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1) ABG
2) CBC 3) CXR 4) serum electrolytes (glu) if necessary 5) Cx, ECG, Echo |
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T/F - Oxygen tests in infants with lung disease will usually increase PaO2 considerably.
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true
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Lab Assessment of fetal lung maturity.
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Lecithin to sphyingomyelin ratio > 2:1 + phosphatidylglyercol
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Incidence of RDS is highest in _.
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Preterm White males
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Diagnostic Lab for RDS showing?
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CXR with diffuse atelectasis and ground glass appearance and air bronchograms
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Treatment for RDS
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1) supplemental oxygen
2) CPAP 3) Mechanical ventilation if indicated 4) exogenous surfactant |
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Diagnostic Criteria for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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1) mechanical ventilation during 1st 2 weeks of life
2) clinical signs of respiratory compromise persisting beyond 28 days 3) need for O2 past 28 days 4) characteristic CXR |
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2 most common causes of Persistent pulmonary htn of the newborn
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perinatal asphyxia and MAS
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Lab Important to R/O congenital heart disease
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Echocardiagram
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Treatment of Persistent pulmonary htn of the newborn
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1)prevent hypoxemia with O2
2) mechanical ventilation 3) ECMO 4) inhaled nitric oxide |
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describe CXR in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
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increased lung volume with diffuse areas of atelectasis and parencymal infiltrates alternating with hyperinflation
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T/F - Idiopathic apnea of maturity, a diagnosis of exclusion, may require respiratory stimulant medications for treatment.
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True
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T/F - Direct hyperbilirubinemia (>15% ratio) is always pathologic in neonates.
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True
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Breastfeeding jaundice.
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Indirect hyperbilirubinemia due to dehydration and dereased excretion (no milk yet)
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Breast milk jaundice.
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Indirect hyperbilirubinemia due to b-glucuronidase and high lipase content of breast milk.
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Lab Workup for Indirect hyperbilirubinemia.
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1) CBC
2) Retic count 3) Smear :might indicate R/O sepsis |
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Lab Workup for Direct hyperbilirubinemia.
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1) hepatic U/S
2) Hep Serologies 3) Radioisotopes scans of biliary tree :might indicate R/O sepsis |
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Clinical features of kernicterus and bilirubin encephalopathy.
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choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, hearing loss, opisthootonus, seizures, and oculomotor parlysis
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Esophageal Atresia is often associated with _.
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polyhydraminosis
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Most cases of congenital diaphragmatic herniation involve impaired growth of which side?
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left
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Treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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Intubation with mechanical ventilation (NOT BAG AND MASK)
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Central Abdominal wall defect in which the organs are covered with a peritoneal sac, i.e. a true hernia, and is associated with other abnormalities
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Omphalocele
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Congenital fissure of the anterior abdominal wall in the right paraumbilical area with no peritoneal sac covering and is not associated with other anomalies
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Gastroschisis
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Most common cause of obstruction in the neonatal period
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Intestinal atresia
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Characteristic CXR appearance of meconium ileus
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Soap-bubble
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T/F - Hirschsprung's is 5x more common in males.
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True
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Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.
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1) Bowel rest, NPO
2) Gastric decompression 3) ABX 4) parenteral fluids and nutrition 5) surgical management with exploratory laparotomy with resection as necessary for necrotic bowel |
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T/F - Infants of Diabetic Mothers are large because of increased body fat and visceromegaly.
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True
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Treatment of Polycythemia in Infant
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Partial exchange transfusion (blood with normal saline)
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