Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Synonym for distal femoral metaphyseal irregularity?
|
Cortical desmoid
|
|
|
What is thought to be the cause of distal femoral metaphyseal irregularity?
|
Chronic avulsion at the insertion of the adductor magnus muscle.
|
|
|
Most common location for benign cortical defect?
|
Distal femur around the knee.
|
|
|
Most common type of physeal injury?
|
Salter Harris type 2
|
|
|
Sign indicating wrist fracture on plain film?
|
Displacement or obliteration of pronator fat pad (lateral view)
|
|
|
Most common elbow fracture in children?
|
Supracondylar fractures
|
|
|
Sign for supracondylar fracture on lateral view?
|
Anterior humeral line does not bisect middle third of capitellum.
|
|
|
Sign for elbow effusion on lateral view?
|
Posterior fat pad seen (usually not seen)
|
|
|
Classic "little leage" elbow?
|
Avulsion of the medial epicondyle
|
|
|
Radial head aligns with which part of the humerus?
|
Capitellum
|
|
|
What fracture is referred to as "toddler's fracture"?
|
nondisplaced, oblique/spiral fracture through mid tibial diaphysis.
|
|
|
Aophyseal avulsion that occurs at the iliac crest (3 muscles)?
|
Transversalis
Internal oblique abdominalis External oblique abdominalis |
|
|
Apophyseal avulsion that occurs at ASIS
|
Sartorius
|
|
|
Apophyseal avulsion that occurs at anterior inferior iliac spine
|
rectus femoris
|
|
|
Apophyseal avulsion that occurs at the lesser trochanter?
|
Iliopsoas
|
|
|
What is Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome?
|
Chronic avulsion of the patellar tendon at its attachment to the patella
|
|
|
What is Osgood-Schlatter lesion?
|
Chronic avulsive injury of the patellar tendon at its inferior attachment (tibial tuberosity avulsion)
|
|
|
Fracture that is very specific for child abuse?
|
Metaphyseal corner fracture/bucket handle fracture
|
|
|
DDX for periosteal reaction in a newborn? (6)
|
Physiologic growth
TORCH infections (syphilis, rubella) Prostaglandin therapy Caffey disease Neuroblastoma metastasis Abuse |
|
|
Waht is Caffey disease?
|
infantile cortical hyperostosis
|
|
|
What does TORCH stand for?
|
Toxoplasmosis
Other (syphilis) Rubella CMV Herpes |
|
|
Bony changes in congenital rubella?
|
Celery-stalk metaphyseal fraying of the long bones and generalized lucency.
|
|
|
Bony changes in congenital syphilis? (3)
|
Metaphyseal lucent bands and periosteal reaction. Wimberger corner sign: destruction of the medial portion of the proximal metaphysis of the tibia.
|
|
|
DDX of permeative bone lesion in child < 5 years old?
|
Osteomyelitis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis Neuroblastoma metastasis |
|
|
DDX of permeative bone lesion in child > 5 years old?
|
Ewing sarcoma
Lymphoma/leukemia Osteomyelitis Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
|
|
Most common location for osteomyelitis in the long bones?
|
Metaphysis
|
|
|
Two synonyms for Langerhans cell histiocytosis?
|
Eosinophilic granuloma
Histiocytosis X |
|
|
Chronic form of LCH?
|
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
|
|
|
First and second most common primary bone malignancies in children?
|
1. Osteosarcoma
2. Ewing sarcoma |
|
|
Most common sites of involvement for Ewing sarcoma? (5)
|
Femur, pelvis, tibia, humerus, ribs
|
|
|
3 features of aggressive appearing periosteal new bone formation?
|
Spiculated
Onion skin Codman triangle |
|
|
Most common age group and gender for osteoid osteoma?
|
Second decade of life; boys
|
|
|
Classic appearance of osteoid osteoma?
|
punctate radiodensity within a central lucency surrounded by reactive sclerosis
|
|
|
Most common sites of stress fractures in children? (4)
|
Tibia, fibula, metatarsals, calcaneus
|
|
|
DDX for focal sclerotic lesion in children?
|
osteoid osteoma
chronic osteomyelitis stress fracture osteosarcoma |
|
|
Most common location for osteosarcoma?
|
Knee (metaphysis of distal femur or proximal tibia)
|
|
|
Why image the entire bone involved in osteosarcoma?
|
Possibility of skip lesions
|
|
|
Synonym for multiple hereditary exostoses?
|
Osteochondromatosis
|
|
|
What direction do osteochondromas point?
|
Away from the joints
|
|
|
5% of osteochondromas degenerate to?
|
Chondrosarcoma
|
|
|
Synonym for enchondromatosis?
|
Ollier disease
|
|
|
Solitary enchondromas occur where? Enchondromatosis occurs where?
|
- hands and feet
- metaphyses of long bones |
|
|
Soft tissue venous malformations in conjunction with multiple enchondromas?
|
Maffucci syndrome
|
|
|
3 features of McCune-Albright syndrome?
|
- polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- skin pigmentation abnormalities - endocrine abnormalities |
|
|
What type of extremity shortening is seen in achondroplasia? What other entity demonstrates it?
|
Rhizomelic (proximal shortening)
Thanatophoric dwarfism |
|
|
What is mesomelic shortening?
|
middle (radius/ulna, tib/fib)
|
|
|
3 abnormalities of the skull in achondroplasia?
|
Enlarged skull
Small foramen magnum Small jugular foramina |
|
|
Classic spine abnormality in achondroplasia?
|
Narrowing of the interpediculate distance in the inferior lumbar spine
|
|
|
Vertebral body anomaly in Morquio and Hurler syndromes?
|
Both have anterior beaking. In Morquio, it's in the Middle. In Hurler it's in the Inferior portion.
|
|
|
Iliac wings in achondroplasia? In the mucopollysaccharoidoses?
|
flattened; decreased acetabular angles
tall and flared; increased acetabular angles |
|
|
What is abnormal in OI?
|
Type I collagen
|
|
|
3 things associated with OI?
|
Multiple wormian bones
Thin skin Blue sclera |
|
|
Lytic bony lesion with a ground glass matrix?
|
Fibrous dysplasia
|
|
|
"Bone within a bone" appearance?
|
Osteopetrosis
|
|
|
What is the acetabular angle?
|
Angle between Hilgenreiner line (connecting medial inferior acetabular edge) and line of acetabular roof.
|
|
|
What is the acetabular angle in DDH?
|
Greater than 30 degrees at birth
|
|
|
What is Legg Calve Perthes disease?
|
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis.
|
|
|
Best view for seeing SCFE?
|
Frog leg lateral view
|
|
|
Direction of displacement of femoral epiphysis?
|
Posteriorly compared to metaphysis
|
