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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Duration
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Amount of time while participating in an activity
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Define Intensity
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How hard the person works during the activity
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Define Frequency
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How often/many times a person does physical activity
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Define 'Type'
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What type of physical activity you are performing
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What is Massed Practice?
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A type of practice where the sessions have more repetitions of performance over rest periods
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What is Distributed Practice?
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A type of practice where there are more rest times then actual performance times
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What/who are positive impacts on physical activity?
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Parents, friends, teachers, environment and weather.
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What is Type 2 Diabetes and how does one get it?
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Type 2 Diabetes is a disease that results from too much sugar in the blood.
Type 2 Diabetes doesn't have a single cause but it does have multiple risk factors such as age, lack of physical activity, diabetes in the family and how much you way. |
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What is Hypertension?
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Hypertension is where the persons heart has high blood pressure when it beats out, which is caused by weight and poor exercise.
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What are the characteristics for Open skills?
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Has many factors influencing the game such as weather, opponents and surface. An example of this is AFL
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What are the characteristics for Closed skills?
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Has little to no factors influencing the sport. The person participating works at their own pace and has limited distractions. An example of this is Indoor Archery.
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What is meant by Active Transport?
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A person who walks, runs or rides a bike to their destination
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What is meant by Household Gardening?
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Someone who mows the lawn, weeds and waters the garden as some sort of physical activity
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What is meant by Occupational activity?
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Someone who, when working, is actually being physically active in some way. Examples include, Laying bricks, carrying wood and heavy lifting
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What is meant by Leisure Activity?
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Someone who is being physically active in their own time as a hobby. A person going to have a hit at the driving range is being leisurely active
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What do the National Physical Activity Guidelines state for Adolescents and Adults?
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Adolescents: 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity everyday
Adults: Consistent 30 minutes of moderate physical activity, preferably 7 days a week |
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What is short term memory?
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Short term memory is the capacity in holding small amounts of information in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.
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What is chunking?
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A process that allows someone to expand his/hers ability to remember things in a short term period. For example, to remember someones phone number, we would break the number into parts starting with "0456"-"789"-"101". This helps us remember the number easily, rather than remembering it by trying to say the whole number at once.
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What is Knowledge of Performance?
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Feedback which concerns the characteristics of performing a task rather than the actual results or outcome.
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What is Knowledge of Results?
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Feedback that refers to the outcome rather than the actual performance.
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What is Sensory Feedback?
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Feedback provided within the sensory systems, such as look, smell and touch.
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What is Kinesthetic Feedback?
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Feedback from the internal sense organs about the position and movement of the body.
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Describe and discuss a Friendly/Casual Coach
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Easy-going, Players find they are running the session, a style that normally is adopted by coaches who play in the team.
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Describe and discuss a Democratic Coach
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A coaching style adopted by an Elite Coach, uses a range of specialists staff and coaches, mainly used in elite sporting clubs or organisations
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Describe and discuss an Authoritarian Coach
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A coach who is very strict and firm and demands discipline within their ranks, thinks for themselves and doesn't show much interest in player opinion, cracks down on poor performances and feels that winning is everything
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Describe and discuss a Cooperative Coach
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Has little experience, uses the leaders in the team to help out, makes the coach more approachable and gives the impression the team is united
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What does the Inverted "U" Hypothesis show?
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Once a player is at 'Optimal Arousal' the performance is at a max. If Over aroused or Under aroused the the performance drops.
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Define Sedentary Behaviour
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Sedentary Behaviour occurs when the body is expending low amounts of energy. Mostly happens when a person is sitting or lying down.
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What are the Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Adolescents?
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Younger than 2: No TV is recommended
2 - 5 Year Olds: 1 Hour per day 5 - 12 Year Olds: No more than 2 hours a day |
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What is the Mental and Social benefits of physical activity?
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Mental: Improved mental health and well being, also gaining greater self esteem and lower levels of anxiety.
Social: Becoming more confident in meeting new people and improves your charismatic abilities |
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How can intensity be measured?
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Through Heart-Rate or Oxygen Consumption (VO2) which is measured in METS
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What are the roles and responsibilities of a coach?
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Not only does the coach have to been seen as a leader and an approachable person, they also have roles on and off the field. On field roles are mainly based around managing risk and the safety of his or hers players. Identify, Evaluate, Approach and Implement are the 4 steps a coach takes while dealing with risky situations. Off field the coach needs to understand and have good knowledge of the sport. Refining his/hers coaching methods and strategies for the development of the players is one responsibility that coach needs to take into account.
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Explain why women walk more than males?
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Females walk more than males because they prefer to do it in larger groups so they can socialize. They may find it more relaxing and less strenuous on the body.
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What might act as a barrier to older adults participating in team sports?
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Barriers for elderly people consist of illnesses, lack of transport, limited resources and lack of social support
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How might the Physical Environment be a key determinant to the participation levels in particular activities?
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Children like to play various sports depending on weather and facilities. People will want to participate more in an activity if the weather is clear and sunny and the facilities are in great condition
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How might physical disabilities affect participation rates in particular activities?
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Depending on the condition, a person with a disability can have many barriers in some physical activities. For example, entering a pool may only be possible if the pool has the appropriate ramps or railing for a person with a disability to enter. However, sports have been modified for the disabled to participate such as wheelchair basketball.
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What is the difference between an Open Skill and a Closed Skill?
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Open skills are skills used when the environment is continuously changing due to opposition on the pitch; this includes football, soccer and basketball.
Closed skills take place in a more stable and predictable environment. The performer knows when to do these skills and it is not effected by the environment. The skill tends to be at the performers own pace. Indoor archery is a closed skill sport. |
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What is the difference between a Gross Skill and a Fine Skill?
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Gross skills use the larger muscle groups to complete a task such as shot put.
Fine skills use small muscle groups and are more precise with the skill. Playing the piano is a fine skill. |
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What is the difference between a Discrete, Serial and Continuous Skill?
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Serial skills are a string of discrete skills that together make a new complex movement, for example, triple jump.
Discrete skills are brief and have a distinct start and finish. These include passing and shooting. Continuous skills don’t have a distinctive start or end. They are the continuous cycle of movements such as swimming, running and walking. |
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Use a fake/dummy or baulk, to help you explain why it is effective. Hint, use the Psychological Refractory Period, in your answer.
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When dribbling a soccer ball towards goal against a defender, the defender is anticipating that you will shoot at goals when given the opportunity. If the attacker throws in a fake the defender second-guesses himself due to the momentary delay in processing the second of two stimuli. This is called the Psychological Refractory Period. The defender then commits to what he thinks is a shot but is actually a fake, to which the attacker now hows a clear shot on goal.
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What are the skills and behaviours of exemplary coaches?
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- The ability to communicate, motivate, lead and deal with conflict resolution
- An understanding of group dynamics - Knowledge of the sport, skill acquisition and biomechanics, sports psychology, sports injury prevention and medical history and sports nutrition - Tactical and strategic sense |
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Outline how social economic status could act as a barrier to physical activity.
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Not being able to pay sign up fees for the club. Unable to transport children or yourself to the ground due to work
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Explain how increased physical activity can decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Doing moderate physical activity will result in improvement of insulin sensitivity. Type 2 Diabetes is caused when the body isn’t producing or doesn’t properly use insulin. Insulin is used by the body to convert sugar and other foodstuff into energy.
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Using an example, explain the difference between reaction, response and movement time.
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Reaction time is the duration between a stimulus and the response to it, “Brain tells arm to throw the ball”. Response time is the duration between the initial stimulus and the end of the first response to it “Brain tells arm to throw ball, arm throws the ball”. Movement time is the time it took to complete the skill “Throwing the ball”.
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How might you be able to reduce your response time in sport? Give an example.
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Doing drills that can improve your reaction time such as bouncing a ball on an uneven surface.
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What is a “sightscreen”, in cricket and why is it used? Discuss the relative colour of the sightscreen and cricket ball.
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A sightscreen is a long white screen that blocks the shining light coming from the facing end. This also blocks any distractions at that end allowing the batsman to concentrate. With the screen being white and the ball being red, the batsman can see the ball clearly and not be at a disadvantage.
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What type of feedback does a batsman rely upon, while out on the field batting?
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A batsman relies on Internal Feedback while batting. Before the ball is bowled, the batsman has a look around the field to see where the gaps are for him to hit the ball. He also is the only one that can judge the balls line and length to which he can pick the correct stroke.
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Outline 3 key roles feedback plays in sport.
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- Motivation through feedback
- Fixing errors through knowledge of results and/or knowledge of performance - Reinforcement through feedback |
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What are the 3 Stages of Learning and Identify 2 characteristics for learners in each stage.
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Cognitive Stage: The learners are beginners in this stage and tend to ask a lot of questions. They lack confidence and are not aware of how to correct their mistakes
Associative Stage: The learner is beginning to refine their technique/movement. The begin to make fewer mistakes and start to become more confident in themselves. Autonomous Stage: The skill is now automatic, hence the name. The performer is now no longer consciously thinking about the skill now that it is 2nd nature. Players start to become their own coach in this stage, when making a mistake they can correct it out of their own way. |
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Identify two strategies a coach might adopt, for learners in each of the 3 stages.
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Cognitive: A coach in this stage would aim to be approachable and motivating. This stage is the most delicate of the three due to their easy lack of interest if they find they are making to many mistakes.
Associative: Start to push them a little harder to help perfect the skill and make the drills a little more challenging. Still be approachable and motivating but start to lift the bar higher in your expectations. Autonomous: Start to make the drills beneficial as can be without making it to over the top. Depending on what type of coach, punishments for mistakes (push ups or laps) can be introduced at this stage. |
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Compare the characteristics of coach’s, typical of the Authoritarian and Friendly/Approachable Styles. Suggest what age group of athletes, each might be suitable for.
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Authoritarian coaches mainly only care about winning. They think mainly for themselves and don’t care to much about what the team thinks. If the players are performing, punishments are distributed and can be sometimes very harsh. This style can be used at U16 level upwards, however only if the club/team is of high ability and should be performing highly.
Friendly/Approachable coaches are coaches who may or may not be heavily experienced but really cares about the development of the team and how they feel. They are heavily respected by their players due to the coach letting the players have a say. This coaching style is good for 18 and under, however it depends on how the players treat the sport. If they want to make it professionally then coaches will generally have to prepare them for that by being a lot harsher. |
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How can parents and media, impact positively on the obesity levels of children?
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Children always respect their parents. Parents are key motivators in getting children to participate in physical activities. Media can also scare kids and their parents into showing the consequences of obesity which can definitely motivate both parents and their children to make a change
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Explain the link between physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease.
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Cardiovascular Disease can be prevented if you participate in high physical activity. Eating junk food and not doing any physical activity increases the chances of cardiovascular disease.
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What are some reasons as to why children can't partake in Physical Activities?
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- Too much homework
- Too Tired - Lack of facilities |
