Module 2 - Introduction

Front 1

Pharmakon

Back 1

Has a literal meaning of "drug or pharmaceutical"

Front 2

Gnosis

Back 2

Has a literal meaning of "knowledge"

Front 3

Pharmacognosy

Back 3

Study of drugs from natural sources; literal meaning "knowledge of drug"

Front 4

Plants

Animals

Microbes

Back 4

Sources of drugs under pharmacognosy

Front 5

Opium

Back 5

Stone of immortality (according to Paracelsus)

Hint 5

Stone of immOrtality

Front 6

Babylonians

Back 6

They made clay models of man showing their knowledge about the human anatomy

Hint 6

"BABY plays CLAY"

Front 7

Egyptians

Back 7

They are known for their practice of embalming.

Front 8

Myrrh

Back 8

An oleo-gum resin used for embalming because of their astringent property.

Front 9

Pharmacognosy

Back 9

An applied science that deals with the biologic, biochemical, and economic features of natural drugs and their constituents.

Front 10

C. A. Seydler

Back 10

He is a medical German student from Haale; introduced the word "pharmacognosy" in his dissertation, Analecta Pharmacognostica in 1815.

Front 11

J. A. Schmidt

Back 11

He first coined "pharmacognosy" in his hand-written manuscript, Lehrbuch der Materia Medica in 1812.

Front 12

George/Georg Ebers

Back 12

He discovered the paper scrolls in the pyramids in Egypt containing lists of plants uses as medicine.

Front 13

Pedanios Dioscorides

Back 13

He wrote the book, De Materia Medica Libri Cinque, which covered 600 plant drugs.

Front 14

Claudius Galen

Back 14

He prepared formulas of drugs containing plant and animal constituents.

Front 15

Pharmaceutical Compounding

Back 15

Galen is known for his galenical works; he is known as the Father of:

Front 16

Fluckiger

Back 16

He developed the most comprehensive scope and idea of pharmacognosy.

Front 17

Carolus Linnaeus

Back 17

He is known for his binomial method of naming of animals and plants; he is regarded as the Father of Taxonomy.

Front 18

Crude drug

Back 18

Vegetable or animal drugs obtained from natural sources that have undergone only the process of collecting and drying.

Front 19

Carbohydrates

Fats

Proteins

Back 19

These are primary metabolites of plant metabolism. (3)

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Extractive or derivative

Back 20

It is considered to be the chief constituent of the drug; the product of extraction

Front 21

Menstruum

Back 21

This is the solvent used in extraction.

Front 22

Marc

Back 22

These are the undissolved portion of the drug remained after extraction.

Front 23

Percolate

Back 23

This is the product of percolation.

Front 24

Indigenous

Back 24

These are plants growing in their native countries, e.g:

Acacia in Senegal

Aloe vera in Barbados Island

Apricot in Armenia

Front 25

Naturalized

Back 25

These are plants growing in a foreign land or locality other than their native homes.

Front 26

Carbohydrates

Back 26

Gums and mucilages are secondary metabolite of plants coming from what metabolite?

Front 27

Fats

Back 27

Fixed oils and waxes are secondary metabolite of plant coming from what constituent?

Front 28

Proteins

Back 28

Alkaloids are secondary metabolite of plants coming from what primary metabolite?

Front 29

Biogenesis or drug biosynthesis

Back 29

This is the process in plants or animals in which there is a formation of constituents mainly coming from the primary metabolites, e.g. formation of glycosides from carbohydrates.

Front 30

Ontogeny

Heredity

Environment

Back 30

Biogenesis is affected by three factors. What are these factors?

Front 31

Ontogeny

Back 31

This is a factor affecting drug biosynthesis in which the stage of development of a plant or animal may affect what constituent form.

Front 32

Cannabidiol

Back 32

Cannabinol can be obtained from the mature leaves of Cannabis sativa; what is the the constituent present in its young leaves?

Front 33

Crude extract

Back 33

This is a mixture of constituents isolated from the crude drugs

Front 34

Codeine

Back 34

This is an opioid alkaloid most widely used as antitussive.

Front 35

Morphine

Back 35

This is the most important and the most abundant opium alkaloid.

Front 36

Friedrich Serturner

Back 36

He is the first to isolate morphine from the latex of opium poppy.

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Sus scrofa

Back 37

This is the scientific name of pig or hog.

Front 38

Bos taurus

Back 38

This is the scientific name of cow.

Front 39

Human Insulin (Humulin®)

Back 39

This is the first preparation available created using recombinant DNA technology by Eli Lilly.

Front 40

Escherichia coli

Back 40

Eli Lilly used this microorganism to create Humulin® from recombinant DNA technology.

Front 41

Streptomycin

Back 41

This is the first aminoglycoside; discovered by Waksman.

Hint 41

"GREASY WAKS STRIP"

Front 42

Streptomyces griseus

Back 42

Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside obtained from what fungi?

Hint 42

"GREASY WAKS STRIP"

Front 43

Streptomycin

Back 43

This is the most ototoxic aminoglycoside.

Front 44

Streptomycin

Back 44

This is the only aminoglycoside used in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Front 45

Streptomycin

Back 45

This aminoglycosides is the DOC for tularemia.

Front 46

Ergotamine

Back 46

This ergot alkaloid is the treatment for acute migraine.

Hint 46

MI-grai-NE

Front 47

Ergonovine

Back 47

This is an ergot alkaloid used as an oxytocic agent.

Front 48

Lysergic acid diethanolamide

Back 48

This is also known as LSD, or acid

Front 49

Avamigran®

Back 49

What is the brand name of Ergotamine?

Front 50

Colchicum autumnale

Back 50

Colchicine is an antimitotic agent used in the treatment of acute gout. It came from: (scientific name)

Front 51

Liliaceae

Back 51

Autumn crocus (Cochicum autumnale) the plant where colchicine is obtained is from the family:

Front 52

Galenicals

Back 52

These are compounded preparations using substance from natural resources e.g. toothache drops, efficascent oil, etc.

Front 53

Akapulko

Back 53

Andadasi is one of the ten approved medicinal plants; commonly called as:

Front 54

Cassia alata

Back 54

The scientific name of akapulko is:

Front 55

Antifungal; treatment of ringworm infection

Back 55

The leaves of Cassia alata is used as:

Front 56

Momordicin

Back 56

The bitter component of Momordica charantia; lowers blood sugar level.

Front 57

Diabetes mellitus

Back 57

Ampalaya is used as adjunct in the treatment of what condition?

Front 58

Momordica charantia

Back 58

The scientific name of bitter gourd or bitter melon is:

Hint 58

Bitter gourd or bitter melon is commonly known as ampalaya

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Allicin

Back 59

This is the active constituent in garlic; lowers cholesterol level, lowers blood pressure, and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Front 60

Bawang or garlic (Vawang)

Back 60

Allium sativum is commonly known as:

Hint 60

"SatiVum"

Front 61

Sibuyas or onion (CEbuyas)

Back 61

Allium cepa is commonly known as:

Hint 61

"CEpa"

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Psidium guajava

Back 62

What is the scientific name of bayabas?

Front 63

Antiseptic

Back 63

The leaves extract of Psidium guajava is used as an excellent;

Front 64

Myrtaceae

Back 64

Bayabas or Psidium guajava is from the family of:

Hint 64

The family of fruit bearing plants

Front 65

Vitex negundo

Back 65

The scientific name of lagundi is:

Front 66

Lagundi or Vitex Negundo

Back 66

This is one of the Philippine Medicinal Plants used as mucolytic; used in the treatment of cough, colds, and asthma.

Front 67

Lagundi or Vitex negundo leaves extract

Back 67

This is the active ingredient in Plemex® and Ascof®.

Front 68

Niyog-niyogan

Back 68

Quisqualis indica is commonly known as:

Hint 68

"NagKISKAsan ang NIYOG dahil ss UOD."