Pcc - Bio 231 - Anatomy And Physiology - Exercise 1

Front 1

Gross anatomy

Back 1

Study structures without using microscope
Examination of large structures by looking at them

Front 2

Anatomical position

Back 2

The subject is erect and The subject is erect and facing the observer. Head level and eyes facing directly forward. Feet parallel, flat on the floor and directly forward. Arms placed at the sides with palms turned forward.

Front 3

Axial

Back 3

1. pertaining to or deriving from an axis.
2. pertaining to or deriving from the axis bone of the vertebral column.

Front 4

Appendicular

Back 4

1. Relating to an appendix.
2. Relating to the limbs.

Front 5

Abdominal

Back 5

Anterior trunk, just below the ribs

Front 6

Acromial (deltoid)

Back 6

Point of shoulder

Front 7

Antebrachial

Back 7

Pertaining to the forearm

Front 8

Antecubital

Back 8

Anterior surface of the elbow

Front 9

Axillary

Back 9

Armpit

Front 10

Brachial

Back 10

Arm

Front 11

Buccal

Back 11

Cheek area

Front 12

Carpal

Back 12

Wrist

Front 13

Cervical

Back 13

Neck region

Front 14

Coxal

Back 14

Hip

Front 15

Crural

Back 15

Leg

Front 16

Digital

Back 16

Fingers, toes

Front 17

Femoral

Back 17

Thigh

Front 18

Fibular

Back 18

Lateral part of the leg

Front 19

Frontal

Back 19

1. Of or relating to the forehead or frontal bone.
2. Of or relating to the frontal plane.

Front 20

Hallux

Back 20

Big toe. More generally, the innermost digit on the hind foot of animals.

Front 21

Inguinal

Back 21

Area where thigh meets body trunk (groin)

Front 22

Mammary

Back 22

Any of the milk-producing glands in female mammals

Front 23

Nasal

Back 23

Nose area

Front 24

Oral

Back 24

Mouth

Front 25

Orbital

Back 25

Area around the eye

Front 26

Palmar

Back 26

Of, relating to, or corresponding to the palm of the hand

Front 27

Patellar

Back 27

Anterior knee

Front 28

Pedal

Back 28

Foot

Front 29

Pelvic

Back 29

Area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

Front 30

Pollex

Back 30

Thumb

Front 31

Pubic

Back 31

Genital region

Front 32

Sternal

Back 32

Breastbone area

Front 33

Tarsal

Back 33

Ankle region

Front 34

Thoracic

Back 34

Chest

Front 35

Umbilical

Back 35

Naval

Front 36

Acromial

Back 36

Point of shoulder

Front 37

Brachial

Back 37

Arm

Front 38

Calcaneal

Back 38

Relating to the heel bone or heel

Front 39

Cephalic

Back 39

Head

Front 40

Coxal

Back 40

Hip

Front 41

Dorsum

Back 41

Back; posterior part of a human

Front 42

Femoral

Back 42

Thigh area

Front 43

Gluteal

Back 43

Buttock

Front 44

Lumbar

Back 44

Area between the ribs and hips

Front 45

Manus

Back 45

Hand

Front 46

Occipital

Back 46

Posterior surface of the head

Front 47

Olecranal

Back 47

Elbow

Front 48

Otic

Back 48

Of or relating to near the ear

Front 49

Perineal

Back 49

The portion of the body in the pelvis occupied by urogenital passages and the rectum

Front 50

Peroneal

Back 50

Fibula

Front 51

Plantar

Back 51

Undersurface of the foot

Front 52

Popilteal

Back 52

Posterior knee area

Front 53

Sacral

Back 53

The area between the hips

Front 54

Scapular

Back 54

Shoulder blade region

Front 55

Sural

Back 55

Posterior surface of lower leg, the calf

Front 56

Vertebral

Back 56

Area of spine

Front 57

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

Back 57

Toward the head, or above, toward the upper part of a structure
Ex: Head relative to chest

Front 58

Inferior (Caudal)

Back 58

Away from the head, or toward the lower part of a structure, or below
Ex: Chest relative to head

Front 59

Anterior (Ventral)

Back 59

Toward the front of the body, in front of

Front 60

Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 60

Toward the back side, behind

Front 61

Medial

Back 61

Toward or at the midline of the body, on the inner side of

Front 62

Lateral

Back 62

Away from the midline of the body, on the inner side of

Front 63

Proximal

Back 63

Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment

Front 64

Distal

Back 64

Farther away from the original of the body part of the point of attachment

Front 65

Superficial

Back 65

Toward or at the body surface

Front 66

Deep

Back 66

Away from the body surface; more internal

Front 67

Section

Back 67

A part that is cut off or separated

Front 68

Plane

Back 68

Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through body parts

Front 69

Sagittal plane

Back 69

Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides

Front 70

Median or midsagittal plane

Back 70

Divides the body into equal right and left sides

Front 71

Parasagittal planes

Back 71

Divide the body into unequal right and left halves

Front 72

Frontal or coronal plane

Back 72

Divide the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)

Front 73

Transverse, cross-sectional, or horizontal plane

Back 73

Divide the body into superior (upper), and inferior (lower) portion

Front 74

Oblique plane

Back 74

Passes through the body or an organ at an angle between the transverse plane and Sagittal or frontal plane

Front 75

Dorsal Body Cavity

Back 75

Located near the back;
Sub-divided into the cranial cavity and vertebral canal (spinal)

Front 76

Cranial cavity

Back 76

A subdivision of the dorsal body cavity;
Formed by the cranial bones, contains the brain

Front 77

Vertebral (spinal) cavity

Back 77

A subdivision of the dorsal body cavity;
Formed by the vertebrae, contains the spinal cord and the beginnings of the spinal nerves

Front 78

Ventral body cavity

Back 78

Much larger than the dorsal cavity,
Sub-divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 79

Thoracic cavity

Back 79

A subdivision of the ventral body cavity;
Above the diaphragm and surrounded by the rib cage.
Subdivided into the two pleural cavities, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum

Front 80

Pleural cavities (left and right)

Back 80

A subdivision of the thoracic cavity.
Surround the lungs and contain a small amount of fluid

Front 81

Mediastinum

Back 81

A subdivision of the thoracic cavity,
medial to the lungs, extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the neck to the diaphragm.
Contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, large blood vessels and the pericardial cavity which surrounds the heart

Front 82

Pericardial cavity

Back 82

Contained within the mediastinum, surrounds the heart

Front 83

Diaphragm

Back 83

Subdivides the ventral cavity, separating the thoracic cavity (above) from the abdominal cavity (below)

Front 84

Abdominopelvic (peritoneal) cavity

Back 84

Contained within the ventral body cavity, extends from the diaphgram to the groin and encircled by the abdominal walls and bones and muscles of the pelvis.
Contains the peritoneal cavity which is lined by the peritoneum.
Subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

Front 85

Abdominal cavity

Back 85

Contained within the abdominopelvic cavity
Extends from the diaphragm to the level of the superior margin of the pelvis.
Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine

Front 86

Pelvic cavity

Back 86

Contained within the abdominopelvic cavity
Inferior to the abdominal cavity
Formed by the bony pelvis and muscles form its floor
Contains the urinary bladder, a portion of the large intestine, and the internal organs of the reproductive system

Front 87

Synovial cavities

Back 87

Joint cavities. The are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body (such as the elbow and knee joints). Like the serous membranes, membranes lining these cavities secrete a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the bones move across one another

Front 88

Serous membrane of the ventral body cavity

Back 88

Covers the viscera and lines the walls of the thorax and the abdomen.
Consists of two layers:
Parietal layer, which lines the walls of the cavities
Visceral layer, which covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities
There is serous fluid between the two layers to reduce friction

Front 89

Visceral pericardium

Back 89

Covers the surface of the heart

Front 90

Parietal pericardium

Back 90

Lines the chest wall

Front 91

Pericardial cavity

Back 91

Lies between the visceral and parietal pericardiums

Front 92

Visceral pleura

Back 92

Covers the lungs

Front 93

Parietal pleura

Back 93

Covers the chest wall

Front 94

Pleural cavity

Back 94

Lies between the visceral and parietal pleura, and contains a small volume of serous fluid

Front 95

Visceral peritoneum

Back 95

Covers the abdominal viscera

Front 96

Parietal peritoneum

Back 96

Lines the abdominal wall

Front 97

Peritoneal cavity

Back 97

Lies between the visceral and parietal peritoneum and contains most abdominal organs

Front 98

Retroperitoneum

Back 98

Located behind the parietal peritoneum between it and posterior abdominal wall
Organs:
Kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of the small intestine, and the ascending and descending colons of the large intestine, aorta and inferior vena cava

Front 99

Oral cavity

Back 99

Contains the teeth and tongue

Front 100

Nasal cavity

Back 100

Located within and posterior to the nose, part of the respiratory system passageways

Front 101

Orbital cavity

Back 101

House the eyes and present them in an anterior position

Front 102

Middle ear cavity

Back 102

Lie just medial to the eardrums. Contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears

Front 103

Epigastric region

Back 103

Top center of the abdominopelvic regions, contains the stomach

Front 104

Umbilical region

Back 104

Center of the abdominopelvic regions, contains the main mass of the small intestine

Front 105

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Back 105

Bottom center of the abdominopelvic regions, contains primary sex organs, urinary bladder, and appendix

Front 106

Hypochondriac regions (left and right)

Back 106

Top left and right of the abdominopelvic regions, right contains the liver and gallbladder

Front 107

Lumbar regions (left and right)

Back 107

Middle left and right of the abdominopelvic regions, right contains the ascending colon of the large intestine, while left contains the descending colon

Front 108

Iliac regions (left and right)

Back 108

Bottom left and right of the abdominopelvic regions, right contains the cecum, and left contains the initial part of the sigmoid colon