Pbl 2-1, Bones & Skeleton, Structure +Function - Usman Year One Glasgow Uni

Front 1

what are the 3 main materials bone is composed of

Back 1

support cells (osteoprogenitor cell, osteoblast, osteoclasts, osteocytes)

non-mineral matrix of osteoid

inorganic minerals stored within the matrix

Front 2

name the cavity in the middle of the diaphysis

Back 2

medullary cavity

Front 3

from "top to bottom" what are the main areas of the bone

Back 3

epiphysis

epiphyseal line

metaphysis

diaphysis

metaphysis

epiphyseal line

epiphysis

Front 4

what type of bone is found in the outer diaphysis

Back 4

thick layer of cortical/compact bone
underneath which is a thin layer of spongy/trabecullar/cancellous bone

Front 5

what type of bone is found in the epiphysis

Back 5

spongy/cancellous/trabecular bone

Front 6

what is the outer layer of the bone called

Back 6

the periosteum

Front 7

what type of bone surrounds the medullary cavity of the diaphysis

Back 7

thick layer of compact bone

Front 8

what feature of the epiphyseal growth plate in the metaphysis in growing bone allows

Back 8

layer of hyaline cartilage allowed diaphysis to grow in length

Front 9

what type of cartilage is in articular cartilage

Back 9

hyalin cartilage

Front 10

where is the articular cartilage found

Back 10

covers part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone

Front 11

what is the function of articular cartilage

Back 11

reduces friction and absorb shock

Front 12

why is damage to articular cartilage often irreversible

Back 12

because it lacks blood vessels and a perichondrium (the connective tissue that envelops cartilage where it is not at a joint)

Front 13

what is the inner and outer layer of the periosteum composed of

Back 13

inner osteogenic layer

outer fibrous layer

Front 14

what is the main function of the medullary cavity

Back 14

it is a hollow space and so it makes things lighter

it contains yellow bone marrow

Front 15

what are osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells

Back 15

unspecialised bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme (the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed) They are the only bone cells to undergo cell division, which develop into osteoblasts.

Front 16

where are osteogenic/osteoprogenitor cells found

Back 16

Osteogenic cells are found along the inner portion of the periosteum, in the endosteum and within bone that contain blood vessels.

Front 17

what are osteoblasts

Back 17

Osteoblasts are bone building cells. They synthesise and secrete collage fibres and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, and they initiate calcification. As osteoblasts surround themselves with extracellular matrix, they become trapped in their secretions and become osteocytes. Ossification is the laying down of new bone material by osteoblasts.

Front 18

what are osteocytes

Back 18

Osteocytes are mature bone cells which maintain daily metabolism, such as the exchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood. They are the main cells in the bone tissue and they do not undergo any cell division.

Front 19

what are osteoclasts

Back 19

Osteoclasts are huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum. On the side of the cell that faces the bone surface, the osteoclast’s plasma membrane is deeply folded into a ruffled border. Here the cell releases powerful lysosomal enzymes and acids that digest the protein and mineral components of the underlying extracellular bone matrix. This breakdown of bone extracellular matrix, termed resorption is part of the normal development, maintenance and repair of the bone.