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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IL-1
(match the substance with its activity) |
A. secreted by the anterior pituitary
B. stimulates the perception of pain C. produced by macrophages; stimulates release of CRF D. suppressed by chronic stress E. causes immunosuppression F. antistress properties G. relieves pain H. released from mast cells, vasoactive |
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Oxytocin
(match the substance with its activity) |
A. secreted by the anterior pituitary
B. stimulates the perception of pain C. produced by macrophages; stimulates release of CRF D. suppressed by chronic stress E. causes immunosuppression F. antistress properties G. relieves pain H. released from mast cells, vasoactive |
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Somatotropin
(match the substance with its activity) |
A. secreted by the anterior pituitary
B. stimulates the perception of pain C. produced by macrophages; stimulates release of CRF D. suppressed by chronic stress E. causes immunosuppression F. antistress properties G. relieves pain H. released from mast cells, vasoactive |
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Testosterone
(match the substance with its activity) |
A. secreted by the anterior pituitary
B. stimulates the perception of pain C. produced by macrophages; stimulates release of CRF D. suppressed by chronic stress E. causes immunosuppression F. antistress properties G. relieves pain H. released from mast cells, vasoactive |
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Endorphin
(match the substance with its activity) |
A. secreted by the anterior pituitary
B. stimulates the perception of pain C. produced by macrophages; stimulates release of CRF D. suppressed by chronic stress E. causes immunosuppression F. antistress properties G. relieves pain H. released from mast cells, vasoactive |
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Which is not a characteristic of Selye's stress syndrome?
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A. adrenal atrophy
B. shrinkage of the thymus C. bleeding gastrointestinal ulcers D. shrinkage of lymphatic organs |
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Which characterizes the alarm stage?
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A. increased lymphocytes
B. increased sympathetic activity C. increased parasympathetic activity D. increased eosinophils |
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Glucocorticoids would be highest during the stage of:
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A. exhaustion
B. alarm C. resistance |
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Which is correct sequence for Selye's hypothesis for stress?
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A. increased ACTH secretion, alarm
B. increased ACTH in the blood, hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex C. stimulation of the sympathetic centers, alarm D. increased secretion of epinephrine, increased ACTH in the blood |
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CRF is released by the:
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A. adrenal medulla
B. adrenal cortex C. anterior pituitary D. hypothalamus |
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Stress may be defined as any factor that stimulates the:
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A. posterior pituitary
B. anterior pituitary C. hypothalamus to release CRF D. hypothalamus to release ADH |
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Which statement is not true?
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A. stressors are the same for all individuals
B. stressors are extreme stimuli C. the emotions of fear, anxiety, and grief can act as stressors D. stressors differ in different individuals and in one individual at different times |
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What determines which stimuli are stressors for an individual?
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A. heredity
B. past experience C. diet D. all of the above are correct |
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Which statement is not true?
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A. generally, psychologic stress is independent of physiologic stress
B. physiologic stress is usually accompanied by some degree of psychologic stress C. identical psychologic stressors do not induce identical physiologic responses D. for any one individual, adaptive responses are selective and counteract specific body changes |
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The production of cortisol in response to stress can be initiated by the:
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A. hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex
B. hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex C. hypothalamus, sympathetic nerve fibers, and adrenal cortex D. hypothalamus, sympathetic nerve fibers, and adrenal medulla |
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Cortisol:
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A. increase protein catabolism
B. decreases blood sugar C. increases immune response D. increases allergic reactions |
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Which would not occur in response to stress?
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A. increased systolic blood pressure
B. increased epinephrine C. constriction of the pupils D. increased adrenocorticoids |
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Which would not be useful to assess stress?
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A. total blood cholesterol
B. eosinophil count C. lymphocyte count D. adrenocorticoid levels |
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In response to stress, the adrenal cortex secretes:
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A. norepinephrine
B. norepinephrine and cortisol C. cortisol and aldosterone D. norepinephrine and aldosterone |
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Severe stress results in all of the following except:
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A. an overactive immune system
B. increased heart rate C. a rise in epinephrine levels D. changes in breathing patterns |
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Corticoids
(match the term with its definition or characteristic) |
A. sympathetic activity returns to normal
B. glucocorticoids return to normal C. secreted by adrenal cortex in response to stress D. Selye's changes seen in stress E. stimulates the release of CRF F. high resistance to stressor G. bodily changes initiated by stress H. impaired immune response I. triggers sympathetic nervous system |
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Stressors
(match the term with its definition or characteristic) |
A. sympathetic activity returns to normal
B. glucocorticoids return to normal C. secreted by adrenal cortex in response to stress D. Selye's changes seen in stress E. stimulates the release of CRF F. high resistance to stressor G. bodily changes initiated by stress H. impaired immune response I. triggers sympathetic nervous system |
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Stress response
(match the term with its definition or characteristic) |
A. sympathetic activity returns to normal
B. glucocorticoids return to normal C. secreted by adrenal cortex in response to stress D. Selye's changes seen in stress E. stimulates the release of CRF F. high resistance to stressor G. bodily changes initiated by stress H. impaired immune response I. triggers sympathetic nervous system |
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Exhaustion
(match the term with its definition or characteristic) |
A. sympathetic activity returns to normal
B. glucocorticoids return to normal C. secreted by adrenal cortex in response to stress D. Selye's changes seen in stress E. stimulates the release of CRF F. high resistance to stressor G. bodily changes initiated by stress H. impaired immune response I. triggers sympathetic nervous system |
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Alarm stage
(match the term with its definition or characteristic) |
A. sympathetic activity returns to normal
B. glucocorticoids return to normal C. secreted by adrenal cortex in response to stress D. Selye's changes seen in stress E. stimulates the release of CRF F. high resistance to stressor G. bodily changes initiated by stress H. impaired immune response I. triggers sympathetic nervous system |
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Basic perception of pain
(match the pain characteristic with the nervous system component) |
A. nociceptive receptors
B. postcentral gyrus C. brainstem D. A fibers E. cortex |
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Initiation of pain stimulus
(match the pain characteristic with the nervous system component) |
A. nociceptive receptors
B. postcentral gyrus C. brainstem D. A fibers E. cortex |
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Discrimination and precision given to painful stimulus
(match the pain characteristic with the nervous system component) |
A. nociceptive receptors
B. postcentral gyrus C. brainstem D. A fibers E. cortex |
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Endorphins:
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A. increase pain sensations
B. decrease pain sensations C. may increase or decrease pain sensations D. have no effect on pain sensations |
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Referred pain from upper abdominal diseases involves:
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A. the sacral region
B. L2 to L4 C. T8, L1, and L2 D. the gluteal region, posterior thighs, and calves |
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In the gate control theory of pain:
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A. a "close gate" increase pain perception
B. stimulation of large A fibers "closes the gate" C. both A and B are correct D. neither A nor B is correct |
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Which is not a neuromodulator of pain?
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A. prostaglandins
B. 5-hydroxytryptamine C. norepinephrine D. lymphokines E. heparin |
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Interleukin-1
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A. raises the hypothalamic se point.
B. is an endogenous pyrogen C. is stimulated by exogenous pyrogens D. none of the above is correct E. A, B, and C are correct |
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Increased serum levels of epinephrine increase body temperature by:
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A. increase shivering
B. increasing muscle tone C. increasing heat production D. decreasing basal metabolic rate |
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In heatstroke:
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A. core temperature usually does not exceed 101 F
B. sodium loss follows sweating C. core temperature increases as the regulatory center fails D. both B and C are correct |
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Which is involved in fever?
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A. tumor necrosis factor
B. endotoxins C. elevation of the set point in the hypothalamus D. both A and B are correct E. A, B, and C are correct |
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In hypothermia:
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A. the viscosity of blood is decrease
B. acidosis can develop C. the hypothalamic center prevents shivering D. all of the above are correct |
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Although non-REM and REM sleep are defined by electrical recordings, they are characterized by physiological events. Which does not occur?
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A. during non-REM sleep, muscle tone decreases
B. Non-REM is initiated by withdrawal of neurotransmitters from the reticular formation. C. during non-REM, cerebral blood flow to the cortex decreases. D. during non-REM, levels of corticosteroids increase. |
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Meniere disease:
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A. affects the outer ear
B. disrupts both vestibular and hearing functions C. is the common causes of sensorineural hearing loss D. is caused by impacted cerumen |
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Acute otitis media (AOM):
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A. has no genetic determinants
B. displays a tympanic membrane progressing from erythema to opaqueness with bulging C. has breast-feeding as a risk factor D. is commonly caused by staphylococcus aureus |
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD):
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A. has a higher incidence in hypotensive individual
B. occurs in individual before the age of 60 years C. exhibits retinal detachment and loss of photoreceptors D. exhibits loss of accommodation |
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Vestibular nystagmus:
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A. is the constant, involuntary movement of the eyeballs caused by ear disturbances
B. is the sensation of spinning C. may be caused by alterations in nervous system from receptor to the cerebral cortex D. causes a diminished sense of the position of body parts |
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Sleep apnea:
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A. is lack of breathing during sleep
B. can result from airway obstruction C. is associated with jet-lag syndrome D. all of the above are correct E. both A and B are correct |
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Individuals affected by sleep apnea may experience:
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A. polycythemia
B. cyanosis C. pulmonary hypertension D. all of the above are correct |
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Blepharitis
(match the term with its defining characteristic) |
A. inflammation of mucous membrane covering the eyeball
B. infection of the cornea C. weak muscle in one of the eyes D. reduction or dimness of vision E. inflammation of the eyelids F. high intraocular pressures G. elevated intraocular pressure H. inflammation of the semicircular canals I. decreased taste sensation J. complete loss of smell |
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Strabismus
(match the term with its defining characteristic) |
A. inflammation of mucous membrane covering the eyeball
B. infection of the cornea C. weak muscle in one of the eyes D. reduction or dimness of vision E. inflammation of the eyelids F. high intraocular pressures G. elevated intraocular pressure H. inflammation of the semicircular canals I. decreased taste sensation J. complete loss of smell |
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Anosmia
(match the term with its defining characteristic) |
A. inflammation of mucous membrane covering the eyeball
B. infection of the cornea C. weak muscle in one of the eyes D. reduction or dimness of vision E. inflammation of the eyelids F. high intraocular pressures G. elevated intraocular pressure H. inflammation of the semicircular canals I. decreased taste sensation J. complete loss of smell |
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Hypogeusia
(match the term with its defining characteristic) |
A. inflammation of mucous membrane covering the eyeball
B. infection of the cornea C. weak muscle in one of the eyes D. reduction or dimness of vision E. inflammation of the eyelids F. high intraocular pressures G. elevated intraocular pressure H. inflammation of the semicircular canals I. decreased taste sensation J. complete loss of smell |
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Vertigo
(match the term with its defining characteristic) |
A. inflammation of mucous membrane covering the eyeball
B. infection of the cornea C. weak muscle in one of the eyes D. reduction or dimness of vision E. inflammation of the eyelids F. high intraocular pressures G. elevated intraocular pressure H. inflammation of the semicircular canals I. decreased taste sensation J. complete loss of smell |
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Glaucoma
(match the term with its defining characteristic) |
A. inflammation of mucous membrane covering the eyeball
B. infection of the cornea C. weak muscle in one of the eyes D. reduction or dimness of vision E. inflammation of the eyelids F. high intraocular pressures G. elevated intraocular pressure H. inflammation of the semicircular canals I. decreased taste sensation J. complete loss of smell |
