Pathophysiology- Pulmonary System Ch.25

Front 1

the conducting airways terminate into?

Back 1

gas-exchange airways

Front 2

gas exchange airways are made up of?

Back 2

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
(p. 730)

Front 3

what are the primary exchange units of the lung, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed?

Back 3

the alveoli

Front 4

2 major type of epithelial cells appear in the alveolus. type I alveolar cells provide? type II alveolar cells secrete?

Back 4

structure, surfactant

Front 5

a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveolus and lowers alveolar surface tension at end-expiration and thereby prevents lung collapse.

Back 5

surfactant

Front 6

the lungs contain approx. how much alveoli at birth? at adulthood?

Back 6

25 million, 300 million

Front 7

pulmonary arteries are exposed to about how much pressure of the systematic system?

Back 7

1/5 the pressure

Front 8

about how much of the pulmonary vessels are filled with blood (perfused) at one time?

Back 8

1/3

Front 9

serous membrane that adheres firmly to the lungs and then folds, over itself and attaches firmly to the chest wall

Back 9

pleurae

Front 10

mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs

Back 10

ventilation

Front 11

actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism

Back 11

respiration

Front 12

formula for min. vol (liters/min)?

Back 12

ventilatory rate * vol. of air per breath

Front 13

the lung eliminates how much mEq of carbonic acid per day in the form of CO2?

Back 13

10,000 mEq

Front 14

receptor that is found in the epithelium of all conducting airways. sensitive to noxious aerosols, gases and matter, causes them to initiate the cough reflex

Back 14

irritant receptors

Front 15

receptors that is located in the smooth muscles of airways and are sensitive to increases in the size or vol. of the lungs.

Back 15

stretch receptors

Front 16

receptors that are located near the capillaries in the alveolar septa. sensitive to incr. pulmonary capillary press. which stimulates them to initiate rapid shallow breathing.

Back 16

J-receptors

Front 17

monitor arterial blood indirectly by sensing changes in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 17

central chemoreceptors

Front 18

if alveolar ventilation is inadequate then PaCO2?

Back 18

increases

Front 19

major muscles of inspiration?

Back 19

diaphragm, external intercostal muscles

Front 20

what are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

Back 20

sternocleidomastoid, and scalene muscles

Front 21

when the diaphragm contracts and flattens downward, it increases the vol. of the thoracic cavity, creating what type of pressure?

Back 21

negative pressure that draws gas into the lungs

Front 22

the accessory muscles assist inspiration when?

Back 22

minute vol. is very high ( during strenous exercise, or disease)

Front 23

occurs at any gas-liquid interface and refers to the tendency for liquid molecules that are exposed to air to adhere to one another.

Back 23

surface tension

Front 24

the portion of the total pressure exerted by any individual gas is its?

Back 24

partial pressure

Front 25

blood pressure in the apexes of a standing or sitting individual is what compared to the bases?

Back 25

lower

Front 26

if the gas pressure in the alveoli exceeds the blood press. in the capillary, the capillary?

Back 26

collapses and flow ceases

Front 27

Approx. how much oxygen is transported into the cells each minute?

Back 27

1000mL