Pathophysiology Chp 24 Disorders Of Blood Flow Cont.

Front 1

disorders of the venous system produce

Back 1

congestion of the affected tissues and predispose to clot formation that because of stagnation of flow and activation of the clotting system

Front 2

varicose veins

Back 2

are dilated and tortuous veins that result from a sustained increase in pressure that causes the venous valves to become incompetent, allowing for reflux of blood and vein engorgement

Front 3

thrombophlebitis

Back 3

thrombus formation in a vein and the accompanying inflammatory response in the vessel wall as a result of conditions that obstruct or slow blood flow, the activation of the coagulation system, or cause injury. DVT may be a precursor to PE

Front 4

VV can be caused by

Back 4

prolonged standing and > intraabdominal pressure are developing factors of primary VV

Front 5

The trendelenburg's test

Back 5

a tourniquet is applied to the affected leg while it is elevated and the veins are empty. The person then stands and the tourniquet removed, if the superficial veins are involved the veins destend quickly. apply the tourniquet with the patient standing and if veins empty when they lie down deep veins are patent

Front 6

Chronic venous insufficiency

Back 6

refers to the physiologic consequences of DVT, valvular incompetence, or a combination of both. the most common being DVT

Front 7

CVI symptoms

Back 7

tissue congestion, edema, and eventuall impairment of tissue nutrition, necrosis of sub-q fat, skin atrophy, brown pigmentation of the skin and breakdown of red blood cells

Front 8

risk factors associated with venous thrombosis

Back 8

venous stasis
hyperactivity of blood coagulation
vascular trauma

Front 9

venous stasis

Back 9

bed rest,immobility, spinal cord injury, acute MI, shock, and venous obstruction

Front 10

hyperractivity of blood coagulation

Back 10

genetic factors, stress & trauma, pregnancy, childbirth, oral contraceptive and hormone replacement use, dehydration, antiphospholipid syndrome, hyperhomocysteinemia

Front 11

Vascular trauma

Back 11

indwelling venous catheters, surgery, massive trauma or infection, fractured hip, orthopedic surgery

Front 12

most post operative thrombi arise

Back 12

in the soleal sinus or the large vein draining the gastrocnemius muscle.

Front 13

triad associated with venous thrombosis

Back 13

stasis of blood, increased blood coagulability, andvessel wall injury

Front 14

venous thrombosis manifestations

Back 14

may be asymptomatic because of partial occlusion. when present the most common S&S are related to the inflammatory process, pai, swelling, and deep muscle tenderness. fever, general malaise, and an elevated white count,

Front 15

treatment of venous thrombosis

Back 15

prevention is the main goal, but after forming the goal is to prevent further thrombi, minimize valve damage, anticoagulation, surgical removale of thrombis, and venacava filter to prevent PE

Front 16

compartment syndrome

Back 16

commpesion of the muscle, nerve, and other tissues due to the increased pressure within the muscular compartment.

Front 17

causes of Comp Synd

Back 17

decreased compartment size due to constricting dressings or casts, infiltration of IV fluids,internal injuries and frostbite, and surgical closure of fascial defects

Front 18

other causes of Comp Synd

Back 18

increased compartment volume- fractures and orthopedic surgery, trauma and bleeding, posishemic injury, severe exercise, prolonged immobilization with limb compression(eg; drug overdose),thermal injury and frostbite, and IV infiltration.

Front 19

treatment for comp synd

Back 19

treatment is recommended when pressure rises to 30 mm Hg. reducing compression. limb elevation is not recommended, a fasciotomy is a last resort.

Front 20

pressure ulcers

Back 20

ischemic lessions of the skin and underlying structures caused by external pressur that impairs the flow of blood and lymph.