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43 Cards in this Set
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Innate or non \specific immune defence
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1st line of defence. Rapid, Nonself Recognition. Skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, antimicrobial molecules, inflamation, fever.
Cells:phagocytes(macrophages, neutrophils, NK, dendritic cells. |
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Adaptive or specific immunity
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Slow. Very large. Specific to microbe and antigens. Nonself recognition. Memory, more rapid and efficient with subsequent exposure.
Cell killing tagging of antigen by antibody. T and B lymphocytes |
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B cells.
Function, potential, maturation site. |
Mature in bone marrow.(can migrate to peyers patch
and spleen and liver for maturation) Responsible for humoral immunity. Can be transform (with T cell help) into memory B cells or antibody secreting plasma cells. |
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Antigen /Immunogen
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Substance foreing to host that can stimulate an immune response
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Antigens determinants or epitopes
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Molecular region on the surface of an antigen capable of eliciting an immune response and combining with specific antibodies. Antigens may contain multiple epitopes
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Haptens
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Antigen to small to stimulate an immune response unless combine with larger protein molecules
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Penicilling allergy, in relation to Haptens
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Penicillin is a hapten, in some individuals it can combine with large proteins andd cause an allergic reaction.
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Humoral immunity
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Immune responce by B cells, derived plasma cells ( antibodies), that travel in the blood and interact with circulating and surface cells
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Cell mediated immunity
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immune response mediate by T cells
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Class I MHC
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Present in virtually all nucleated cells. Present processed antigens to cytotoxic CD8 T cells, restric cytolysis to virus infected cells, tumor cells, and transplanted cells.HLA: HLA A, HLA B, HLA C.
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Class II MHC
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Present in immune cells, antigen representing cells, Bcells, and macrophages. Present processed antigenic fragments to CD4 T cells, necessary for interaction among immune cells
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T cells
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Arise from BM but migrate to thymus for their maturation
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IgG
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75%. Displays antiviral, antitoxin, and antibacterial properties, only Ig that crosses the placenta, responsable for protection of newborn,activates complement and binds to macrophages.
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IgA
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15%. Predominant Hg in body secretions, such as saliva, nasal and respiration secretion, and breast milk, protects mucous membranes.
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IgM
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10%. Forms the natural antibodies such as those fo ABO blood antigens, prominent in early immune responses, activates complement.
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IgD
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0.2%. Found in lymphocytes, needed for maturation of B cells.
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IgE
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0.004%. Binds to mast cells and basophils, involve in parasitic infections, allergic and hypersensitive reactions.
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T-cells functions
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Activations of other T-cells and B-cells, in the control of intracellular viral infections, rejection of foreign grafts,in delayded hypersensitive reactions.
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Helper T-cells,
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CD4 helper T cell. "master regulator for the immune system". Activated by MHC II.
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T Cytotoxic cells
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CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Activated by MHC I,
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IgG in ralation to titers
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IgG class of antibodies increase during the acute phase and remains high during the acute phase and remains elevated until or beyond resolution.
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IgM in ralation to titers
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IgM specific antibodies generally rise and fall during the acute phase of the disease.
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Natural Killer cells
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NK cells kills foreing cells automatically, no activation needed, Kills cells by producing pore forming proteins,enzymes and toxic cytokines. Prone for virus infected cells.
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Central lymphoid organs
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Bone marrow, thymus, Provides environment for immune cell production and maturation.
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Peripheral lymphoid organs
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Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patch, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue in respiratory, GI and reproductive system. Trap and process antigens and promotes interaccion with mature immune cells.
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Thymus function
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Generates mature T-cells.
Through thymic selection, selects only functional T-cells. |
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Spleen function
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Filters antigens from blood, important response in systemic infections.
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Interleukin-1
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Activates endothelium and lymphocytes, induces fever and acute phase responce, stimulates neutrophil production.
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Interferon
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Exerts antiviral activity in body cells, induces class I antigen expression, activates NK cells
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Tumor necrosis factor, TNF
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Induces inflamation, fever, and acute phase responce, activates neutrophils and endothelial cells, kills cells through apoptosis.
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Cytokines that are Major mediators in the imflammatory response
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Interleukin 1, IL6, and TNF
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Cytokines in Hematopoiesis.
Colony stimulating factors |
Cytokines that stimulate bone marrow pluripotent stem cells and progenitor to produce large numbers of plateles, erythrocystes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and dendritic cells
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Active immunity
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Adquired by immunization or having the disease.
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Passive immunity
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Temporary, transfer of antibodies against an antigen. Fast acting, short term.
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Activation of complement systems results in:
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Cytolysis
Opsonization Chemotaxis Anaphylaxis |
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The complement system is a primary effector for:
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Both innate and adaptive humoral immune response.
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Complement
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soluble protein molecule.
can engage in cell distruction |
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Cytolysis
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Lysis and destruction of cell membranes of body cells or pathogens.
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Opsonization
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Coating of antigens so that it can be easily engulfed and digested by the macrophages and other phagocytic cell
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Chemotaxis
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Chemical attraction of neutrophils and phagopcytic cells to the antigen
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Anaphylaxis
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Activation of mast cells and basophils with release of inflamatory mediators that produce smooth muscle contaction and increase vascular permiability
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tolerance
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the ability of the immune system to be nonreactive to self antigens while producing immunity to foreing agents
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Immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta and provides immunity for the infant in the first 3 to 6 month of life
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IgG
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