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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACIDOSIS |
An increase in extracellular H+ ions. |
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ACQUIRED IMMUNITY |
The immunity that occurs when the body is exposed to a foreign substance or disease and produces antibodies to the invader |
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ADHESION |
The attachment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to endothelial cells, mediated by selectins and integrins. |
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ACTIVATION |
Mediators of inflammation trigger the appearance of molecules known as selectins and integrins on the surfaces of endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, respectfully |
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ALCOHOLIC KETOACIDOSIS |
The metabolic acidotic state that manifests because of the in adequate nutritional habits associated with chronic alcohol abuse. The liver and body experience in adequate fuel reserves of glycogen and thus, have to switch to fatty acid metabolism. |
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ALKALOSIS |
A decrease in extracellular H+ ions. |
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ALLERGEN |
A substance that causes a hypersensitivity reaction |
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ALLERGY |
A hyper sensitive reaction to the presence of an agent that is intrinsically harmless |
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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK |
A severe hypersensitivity reaction that involves bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular collapse |
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ANTIBODIES |
A protein secreted by certain immune cells that vine antigens to make them more visible to the immune system |
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ANTIGEN |
A foreign substance recognized by the immune system |
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APOPTOSIS |
Normal, genetically programmed cell death |
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ASTHMA |
A chronic inflammatory lower airway condition resulting in intermittent wheezing and excess mucus production |
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ATOPIC |
And allergic tendency |
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ATROPHY |
A decrease in cell size due to a loss of sub cellular components |
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AUTOANTIBODIES |
Antibodies directed against the person’s on proteins |
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AUTOIMMUNITY |
The production of antibodies or T cells that work against the tissue of a persons body, producing autoimmune disease or a hypersensitivity reaction |
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AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT |
A pattern of inheritance that involves jeans that are located on autosomes or the non-sex chromosomes. Inheritance of only one copy of a particular form of a gene is needed to show the trait. |
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AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE |
A pattern of inheritance that involves genes located on autosomes or the non-sex chromosomes. Inheritance of two copies of the particular form of a gene is needed to show the trait. |
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BRADYPNEA |
A slow respiratory rate |
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CAPILLARY REFILL TIME |
A test performed on the finger nails or toenails that involves briefly squeezing the toenail or finger nail and evaluating the time it takes for the color to return |
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CARDIOGENIC SHOCK |
A condition caused by loss of 40% or more of the functioning myocardium the heart is no longer able to circulate sufficient blood to maintain adequate oxygen delivery |
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CARPOPEDAL SPASM |
A contorted position of the hand or foot in which the fingers or toes flex in a call like Manno may result from hyperventilation or hypocalcemia |
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CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY |
The immune process by which T cell lymphocytes recognize antigens and then secrete cytokines that attract other cells or stimulate the production of cytotoxic cells that kill the infected cells |
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CENTAL SHOCK |
A type of shock caused by central pump failure including cardiogenic shock and obstructive shock |
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CHEMOTAXINS |
Components of the activated complement system that attract the leukocytes from the circulation to help fight infections |
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CHEMOTAXIS |
The movement of additional white blood cells to an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators such as neutrophils injured tissue and monocytes |
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COAGULATION SYSTEM |
The system that forms blood clots in the body and facilitates repairs to the vascular tree |
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COMPLEMENT SYSTEM |
A group of plasma proteins whose function is to do one of three things attack leukocytes to sites of inflammation, activate leukocytes and directly destroy cells |
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CYOKINES |
The products of cells that affect the function of other cells |
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DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK |
The type of shock caused by widespread dilation of the resistance vessel, the capacitance or both. |
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DYSPLASIA |
An alteration in the shape, size, and organization of of cells |
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EDEMA |
Swelling caused excessive fluid trapped in the body tissue. |
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FIBRIN |
A whitish, filamentous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen; the protein that polymerize to form the fibrous component of a blood cot. |
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FIBRINOLYSIS CASCADE |
The break down of fibrin in blood clots and prevention of the polymerization of fibrin into new clots |
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FREE RADICALS |
A molecule that is missing one electron in its outer shell. |
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GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME |
A three stage description of the bodies short and long-term reactions to stress |
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GRAM NEGATIVE |
A reaction of bacteria to a Gram stain in which the bacteria do not retain the dark purple stain this type of bacteria has cell walls that consist largely of lipids and have pathology qualities that make them especially problematic for humans |
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GRAM POSITIVE |
I’ll reaction of bacteria to grandstand in which the bacteria retain the dark purple stain this type of bacteria has the cell walls composed of many layers |
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HAPTEN |
A substance that normally does not stimulate an immune response but can be combined with an antigen and at a later point initiate an antibody response |
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HELPER T CELL |
A type of T lymphocytes that is involved in cell mediated and antibody mediated immune response. It secretes cytokines that stimulate the B cells and other T cells |
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HEMOCHROMATOSIS |
An inherited disease in which the body absorbs more iron than it needs and stores it in the liver kidneys and pancreas |
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HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA |
A disease characterized by increased destruction of the red blood cells. It can occur from an RH factor reaction exposure to chemicals or a disorder of the immune system |
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HEMOPHILIA |
An inherited sex linked disorders characterized by excessive bleeding |
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HISTAMINE |
A vasoactive amine that increases vascular permeability and causes vasodilation |
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HUMORAL IMMUNITY |
A type of immunity in which B cells lymphocytes produce antibodies called immuno globin’s which recognize a specific antigen and then react with it |
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HYPERCALCEMIA |
An elevated blood calcium level |
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HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
An elevated blood cholesterol level |
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HYPERKALEMIA |
An elevated serum potassium level |
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HYPERMAGNESEMIA |
An increased serum magnesium level. |
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HYPERNATREMIA |
A serum sodium level greater than or equal to 143 mEq/L. |
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HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA |
An elevated serum phosphate level |
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HYPERPLASIA |
An increase in the actual number of cells in an organ or tissue usually resulting in an increase in size of the organ or tissue |
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HYPERSENSITIVITY |
A generic term for response of the body to a substance to which a patient has increased sensitivity |
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HYPERTROPHY |
An increase in the size of the cells due to the synthesis of more subcellular components leading to an increase and tissue and organs size |
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HYPOCALCEMIA |
A decrease serum calcium level |
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HYPOKALEMIA |
A decreased serum potassium level |
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HYPOMAGNESEMIA |
A decrease serum magnesium level |
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HYPONATREMIA |
A serum level that is less than or equal to 135 mEq/L |
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HYPOPERFUSION |
A condition that occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below that needed to maintain normal cellular functions |
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HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA |
A decreased serum phosphate level |
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HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS |
A major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress. It is the mechanism for a set of interactions among glands hormones and parts of the midbrain that mediate the general adaptation syndrome. |
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HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK |
A condition that occurs when the circulating blood volume is inadequate to deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients to the body |
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IMMUNE RESPONSE |
The body’s defense reaction to a substance that is recognized as foreign. |
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IMMUNE SYSTEM |
The body system that includes all the structures and processes designed to mount defenses against foreign substances and disease causing agents. |
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IMMUNODEFICIENCY |
An abnormal condition in which some part of the body’s immune system is inadequate and consequently resistance to infectious disease-causing agents. |
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS |
Antibodies secreted by the B cells. |
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IMMUNOGEN |
An antigen that is capable of generating an immune response. |
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INCIDENCE |
The number of new cases of disease in a population. |
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INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE |
A reaction by tissue of the body to irritation or injury characterized by pain swelling and heat. |
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INTERFERON |
A protein produced by cells in a response to viral invasion that is released into the bloodstream or intercellular fluid to induce healthy cells to manufacture an enzyme that counters the infection. |
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INTERLEUKINS |
Chemical substances that attract white blood cells to the site of injury and bacterial invasions. |
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ISOIMMUNITY |
The formation of antibodies or T cells that are directly against antigens or another person’s cells. |
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KETOACIDOSIS |
An acidotic state created by the production of ketones via far metabolism. |
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KETONES |
Acidic by-products of fat metabolism. |
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KILLER T CELLS |
The cells released during a type IV allergic reaction that kills antigens- bearing target cells. |
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KININ SYSTEM |
A group of polypeptides that mediate inflammation response by stimulating visceral. |
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KININ SYSTEM |
A group of polypeptides that mediate inflammation response by stimulating visceral smooth muscle and relaxing vascular smooth muscle to produce vasodilation. |
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LACTIC ACIDOSIS |
Anaerobic cellular respiration due to hypoperfusion of tissues and organs. |
