Pathology Virgil Congenital Heart Disease

Front 1

symptoms patent ductus arteriosus

Back 1

* tachycardia or other arrhythmia
* respiratory problems
* shortness of breath
* heart murmur
* enlarged heart
* cyanosis

Front 2

__________ is defined as the process in which a left-to-right shunt in the heart causes increased flow through the pulmonary vasculature, causing pulmonary hypertension, which in turn, causes increased pressures in the right side of the heart and reversal of the shunt into a right-to-left shunt

Back 2

Eisenmenger's syndrome or Eisenmenger's reaction

Front 3

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 3

1.) Pulmonic stenosis
2.) Aorta overrides the ventricular septum (dextrorotation)
3.) Ventricular septal defect
4.) Right ventricular hypertrophy.

Front 4

Turner syndrome symptoms
associated with which congenital cardiovascular anomoly

Back 4

female with only one X chromosome
* Short stature
* Lymphoedema (swelling) of the hands and feet
* Broad chest and widely-spaced nipples
* Low hairline
* Low-set ears
* Reproductive sterility

Aortic coarctation

Front 5

Downs syndrome associated with what congenital cardiovascular anomoly

Back 5

Ostium primum atrial septal defect

Front 6

2 types of aortic coarctation

Back 6

1. Preductal coarctation: this occurs in children, with an increased risk in Turner syndrome. The word preductal means that the narrowing is anterior to the ligamentum arteriosum.
2. Post-ductal coarctation: this is mainly seen in adults.

Front 7

symptoms of postductal coarctation

Back 7

hypertension in the upper extremities
hypotension in lower extremeties
Collateral circulation develops involving the axillary arteries and the intercostal arteries which characteristically have intervertebral notching on chest films.

Front 8

Anatomical changes associated with truncus arteriosus:

Back 8

* single artery arising from the two ventricles which gives rise to both the aortic and pulmonary vessels
* abnormal truncal valve
* right sided aortic arch in about 30% of cases (not shown)
* large ventricular septal defect
* pulmonary hypertension
* complete mixing occurring at level of the great vessel

Front 9

Type 1 truncus arteriosus

Back 9

both right and left pulmonary arteries arise from the pulmonary trunk off the main trunk

Front 10

Type 2 truncus arteriosus

Back 10

both right and left pulmonary arteries arise from the main trunk

Front 11

type 3 truncus arteriosus

Back 11

right pulmonary artery comes off the ascending aorta trunk. left artery comes off the descending aorta

Front 12

type 4 truncus arteriosus

Back 12

trunk is split with the pulmonary segment giving rise to the descending aorta beyond the left carotid

Front 13

type 5 truncus arteriosus

Back 13

both the right and left pulmonary arteries arise off the descending aorta