Pathology: Repair

Front 1

2 kinds of adult stem cells

Back 1

bone marrow SC
tissue SC

Front 2

4 locations of tissue SCs

Back 2

colonic crypts
bulge of hair follicles
corneal limbus
liver: canals of Hering

Front 3

2 kinds of BM SCs

Back 3

hematopoietic SCs
stromal SCs

Front 4

hematopoietic SCs give rise to (3)

Back 4

BM cells
neurons
hepatocytes

Front 5

stromal SCs give rise to (4)

Back 5

chondrocytes
osteocytes
myocytes
adipocytes
endothelium

Front 6

___ cells become ___ and ___ after fulminant liver failure

Back 6

oval
hepatocytes
bile duct cells

Front 7

in muscle, ___ cells replace myocytes, but not ___

Back 7

satellite
cardiomyocytes

Front 8

___ leads to cell proliferation and ___, by way of ___

Back 8

PI3K
inhibition of apoptosis
Akt

Front 9

___ leads to phosphorylation of transcription factors by way of ___

Back 9

Ras
MAPK

Front 10

___ leads to Ca2+ release and ___ (2) by way of ___

Back 10

PLC
PKC activation
cytoskeleton activation
IP3

Front 11

___ and ___ phosphorylate Rb, releasing ___

Back 11

cyclin D--cdk4
cyclin E--cdk2
E2F

Front 12

E2F is a transcription factor necessary for ___

Back 12

G1->S transition

Front 13

p21 and p27 work by ___

Back 13

binding an active cyclin-cdk complex

Front 14

p16 works by ___

Back 14

binding cdk4 instead of cyclin D

Front 15

p53 arrests the cell cycle by ___, stopping it at ___

Back 15

upregulating p21
G1

Front 16

in hepatocyte regeneration ___ (2) cause ___ (4) upregulation, allowing ___

Back 16

TNF
IL-6
FOS
JUN
MYC
bcl-x
G0 -> G1 transition

Front 17

in hepatocyte regeneration, ___ (2) cause ___, allowing G1-S transition

Back 17

TGFa
HGF
upregulation of cyclins

Front 18

TGFb causes ___ via ___, which acts via ___ and then ___

Back 18

growth inhibition
Smad
p27
late G1

Front 19

GFs have ___ receptors

Back 19

YKRs

Front 20

tumors sometimes have ____ (2) genes inactivated

Back 20

Smad
TGFbR

Front 21

___ (2) are mitogenic to ___ (3) but ___ is only mitogenic to ___

Back 21

EGF
TGFa
epithelium
fibroblasts
hepatocytes
HGF
epithelium

Front 22

___ causes migration and proliferation of ___ (3)

Back 22

PDGF
fibroblasts
smooth muscle
monocytes

Front 23

FGF causes ___ (2) and migration of ___ (4)

Back 23

angiogenesis
hematopoiesis
fibroblasts
macrophages
endothelium
epithelium

Front 24

TGFb causes (4)

Back 24

epithelial and leukocyte cell cyle inhibition
fibroblast proliferation
fibrobllast ECM secretion
anti inflammation

Front 25

GAPs cause ___ by ___, Therefore a GAP LOF causes ___. One example is ___

Back 25

GTP hydrolysis
Ras
cell cycle stimulation
NF1

Front 26

MAPKs act on ___ (2) and trigger

Back 26

c-jun
c-fos
G1

Front 27

p53 causes cell cycle arrest via ___,
DNA repair via ___, and apoptosis via ___ (2)

Back 27

p21
GADD45
bax
IGF-BP3

Front 28

IGF-BP3 works by

Back 28

binding IGF receptor

Front 29

p53 is normally ubiquitylated by ___ and degraded but DNA damage triggers ___ which makes it resistant

Back 29

mdm2
phosphorylation of p53

Front 30

viruses which inactivate p53

Back 30

HPV (E6)
HBV
EBV

Front 31

examples of p53 tumors (2)

Back 31

all childhood tumors
teratocarcinoma

Front 32

3 components of ECM

Back 32

structural proteins
adhesive glycoproteins
proteoglycans

Front 33

2 kinds of structural ECM protein

Back 33

collagen
elastin

Front 34

type I collagen is present in ___ (3)

Back 34

skin
bone
organ (capsules)

Front 35

type II collagen is present in ___

Back 35

cartilage

Front 36

type IV cartilage is present in ___

Back 36

basal laminae

Front 37

elastin is present in (4)

Back 37

media of large arteries
uterus
skin
ligaments

Front 38

2 kinds of adhesive glycoprotein

Back 38

fibronectin
laminin

Front 39

fibronectin binds to

Back 39

collagen
fibrin
proteoglycan
cells

Front 40

fibronectin binds to cells via

Back 40

integrins

Front 41

laminin binds to ___ on one side and ___ (2) on the other. It has a major role in ___

Back 41

cell integrins
type IV collagen
heparan sulfate
angiogenesis

Front 42

proteoglycans are composed of (2)

Back 42

core protein
GAGs

Front 43

tissue repair starts with ___
3 stages of fibrosis

Back 43

granulation tissue
angiogenesis
ECM production
remodelling

Front 44

VEGF promotes (2)

Back 44

migration of endothelium
proliferation of endothelium

Front 45

endothelial maturation is stimulated by

Back 45

angiopoietin
PDGF
TGFb

Front 46

angiopoietin, PDGF and TGFb stimulate ___ in capillaries and ___ in large vessels

Back 46

growth of pericytes
growth of smooth muscle

Front 47

VEGF and angiopoietins are released by ___ and act on ___

Back 47

mesenchyme
endothelium

Front 48

fibroblast proliferation and ECM production is triggered by ___, released by ___ (3)
it also causes

Back 48

TGFb
platelets
macrophages
endothelium
inhibition of MMPs

Front 49

degradation of BM in angiogenesis is done by ___, but degradation of ECM in remodelling is done by

Back 49

proteases
type I-IV collagenases

Front 50

gelatinase only degrades (2)
but ___ degrades those and ___ (2)

Back 50

fibronectin
type IV collagen
stromelysins
proteoglycan
laminin

Front 51

tissue remodelling is stimulated by (5)

Back 51

PDGF
FGF
IL-1
TNF
phagocytosis

Front 52

tissue remodelling is inhibited by (2)

Back 52

TGFb
steroids

Front 53

when margins of a lesion are closely adhered you get ___. otherwise you get ___

Back 53

primary union
secondary union

Front 54

primary unions have ___ exudate and necrosis, ___ repair, and ___ contraction of scar

Back 54

little
fast
no

Front 55

secondary unions have ___ exudate and necrosis, ___ repair, and ___ contraction of scar

Back 55

lots of
slow
have

Front 56

scar tissue has a maximum of ___% of original tissue's tensile strength

Back 56

70-80

Front 57

keloid is excess ___
___ is excess ___

Back 57

collagen
exuberant granulation
granulation tissue