Pathology Chapter 3 - Repair

Front 1

What are the forms of repair?

Back 1

1)Regeneration

2)Repair by C.T

Front 2

1)Regeneration

Back 2

It is the replacement of injured tissues to the perenchymal cells.

Front 3

2)Repair by C.T

Back 3

It is the replacement of injured tissues by Fibrosous C.T

Front 4

Repair of tissues by proliferation requires cellular proliferation

Back 4

When tissue stimulus increase or when tissue inhibtors decrease

Front 5

What are the different cell types?

Back 5

1)Labile cells

2)Stable cells (Quiescent)

3)Permenant cells

Front 6

1)Labile cells and examples of it?

Back 6

Cells that can regenerate E.g : Skin

Front 7

2)Stable cells and examples of it?

Back 7

Cells that have the ability to regenerate E.g : Hepatocyte

Front 8

3)Permenant cells and examples of it?

Back 8

Cells that cant regenerate E.g: Brain and heart

Front 9

Regulation of cell behavior & Growth?

Back 9

It is done by 2 mechanisims

1)Insoluble material : Collagen, Elastic,

2)Soluble material : Growth factors

Front 10

Repair by connective tissue?

Back 10

It is the repair that occurs when an injury happens in cells that cant regenerate.

Front 11

What is repair by connective tissue charectrized by?

Back 11

Formation of granulation tissue & Angiogenesis

Front 12

What is granulation tissue?

Back 12

Fibroblasts and new blood cappilaries

Front 13

Repair includes 3 processes, what are they?

Back 13

1)Angiogenesis

2)Fibrosis

3)Scar remodeling

Front 14

1)Angiogenesis

Back 14

The process of neovascularization

Front 15

How does angiogenesis happen?

Back 15

1)Proteolysis of Basement membrane

2)Cappilaries spout formation

3)Migration of endothelial cells

4)Proliferation of endothelial cells

5)Inhibition of proliferation--> Maturation--> Tube formation

6)Pericyte and smooth muscle formation

7)Formation of Basement membrane

Front 16

What is pericyte and smooth muscle formation resposible for?

Back 16

It decreases the vascular permeability of the blood vessels. And it is controlled by angiopotiens 1 and 2 and PDGF

Front 17

What are the factors that regulate these steps?

Back 17

VEGF and FGF controls :

(proteolysis,migration,proliferation,tube formation)

Angiopotiens 1 & 2 and PDGF controls:

Pericyte and smooth muscle formation

TGF-B controls:

Basement membrane and ECM formation

Front 18

Fibrosis?

Back 18

It is the process of emigration, proliferation, and deposition of the ECM

Front 19

What are factors that regulate fibrosis?

Back 19

PDGF, FGF, TGF-B

Cytokines (TNF and IL-1)

Front 20

3)Scar remodeling

Back 20

-

Front 21

What are the enzymes that acheie scar remodeling?

Back 21

Metalloprotienase

Front 22

Where are they produced from?

Back 22

Fibroblasts, neurtophils and macrophages

Front 23

What is their function?

Back 23

To destroy collagen and ECM

Front 24

How are they inhibted?

Back 24

By TIMPS

Front 25

Wound healing.

Back 25

-

Front 26

The overall process of wound healing includes?

Back 26

1)Acute inflammation

2)Migration and proliferation of parenchymal cells and C.T

3)Granulation tissue synthesis

4)ECM synthesis

5)Remodeling of Parenchymal cells to reform function

6)Remodeling of

Front 27

There are 2 types of wound healing?

Back 27

First intention wound healing

Second intention wound healing

Front 28

First intention wound healing and example of it?

Back 28

It is the wound healing that occurs when:

1)The wound is clean and uninfection

2)The tissue damage is NOT extensive

3)We can bring the sides closer together

E.g surgical incision

Front 29

First 24 hours?

Back 29

Neutrophils increase

Basement membrane starts mitosis

Front 30

3 days :

Back 30

Neutrophils become macrophages

Collagen is vertical

Granulation tissue begins

Front 31

5 days:

Back 31

Granulation tissue fills the space

Collagen is horizintal

Front 32

2 weeks:

Back 32

Fibroblasts and collagen increases

Blood vascularity decreases

Scar formation "blanching"

Front 33

Second intention healing and examples?

Back 33

It is due to extensive loss of tissues.

E.g : Abcess

ulcer

infarction

large wounds

Front 34

Difference between First and Second intetion healing?

Back 34

Second intention healing is:

-Larger tissue defect = more fibrin and exodate = more inflammation

-Larger granulization tissue = more scarring

-Scar contraction = myofibroblasts

Front 35

Wound strength after suture removal?

Back 35

1st week : 10% strong

3 month: 70-80% maximum

Front 36

What are the factors that affect wound healing?

Back 36

1)Intrinstic and extenstic factors

Systemic and Local factors

2)Size of injury

3)Place of injury

Front 37

Systemic causes?

Back 37

-Diabetes

-Nutrtion

-Vascularity(Circulatory)

-Hormones

Front 38

Localized causes?

Back 38

-Infection

-pressure put upon it

-Temperature

Front 39

Location and size?

Back 39

More vascular wounds gets healed faster = if its on the face its faster healing

Small wounds heal faster than big wounds

Front 40

Pathologies of Repair?

Back 40

1)Kelosis

2)exubarent granulation

3)Wound contracture

4)Disabling fibrosis

5)Inadequate scar formation

Front 41

1)Kelosis

Back 41

Excess collagen formation

Occurs in blacks

Hertiable

Front 42

2)Exubatory granulation

Back 42

Other name is proud flesh

Front 43

3)Wound contracture

Back 43

Occurs in hands, soles of foot and thorax due to burns mostly.

It damages tissues around it aswell

Causes joints trouble

Front 44

4)Disabling fibrosis

Back 44

Occurs with chronic inflammation like:

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 45

5)Inadequate Scar formation:

Back 45

Wound dehiscence (rupture of a wound)