Pathology #01 - Developmental Defects Of Ofm Complex

Front 1

Define "FORDYCE GRANULES"

Back 1

- ectopic sebaceous glands in the oral mucosa

Front 2

Define "ECTOPIC"

Back 2

- normal tissue in an abnormal location

Front 3

What is the etiology of FORDYCE GRANULES?

Back 3

developmental

Front 4

FORDYCE GRANULES are most commonly found where?

Back 4

- buccal mucosa
- lateral portions of the vermillion of the upper lip

Front 5

What is the clinical presentation of FORDYCE GRANULES?

Back 5

- asymptomatic
- multiple white yellow papular lesions

Front 6

How is a diagnosis of FORDYCE GRANULES made?

Back 6

usually based on clinical criteria

Front 7

What complications may arise with FORDYCE GRANULES?

Back 7

- rarely solitary sebacious gland may undergo adenomatous hyperplasia
- keratin-filled pseudocyst

Front 8

Define "LEUKOEDEMA"

Back 8

- common alteration of oral epithelium characterized by accumulation of fluid (edema) in the spinous layer

Front 9

LEUKOEDEMA is more pronounced in which demographic:?

Back 9

smokers

Front 10

What is the most common localization of LEUKOEDEMA?

Back 10

- blateral buccal mucosa

Front 11

How is a diagnosis of LEUKOEDEMA confirmed?

Back 11

- affected mucosa should be stretched during clinical examination - the white appearance greatly diminishes or disappears when the cheek is everted and stretched

Front 12

What is the treatment of LEUKOEDEMA?

Back 12

- no treatment
- smoking cessation results in good prognosis

Front 13

Define "AGLOSSIA"

Back 13

no tongue

Front 14

Define MICROGLOSSIA:

Back 14

- uncommon condition characterized by abnormal small tongue

Front 15

MICROGLOSSIA is MOSTLY associated with _____ and frequently associated with _______.

Back 15

a) syndromes
b) hypoplasia of the mandible and lower incisors may be missing

Front 16

Define SYNDROME:

Back 16

combination of signs and symptoms occurring commonly enough to constitute a distinct clinical entity

Front 17

What are the two most frequent causes of MACROGLOSSIA?

Back 17

- vascular malformation
- muscular hypertrophy

Front 18

What are the first signs of manifestation of MACROGLOSSIA in infants?

Back 18

- noisy breathing
- drooling
- difficulty eating

Front 19

MACROGLOSSIA may produce what clinical features?

Back 19

- open bite
- mandibular prognathism
- eating problems
- lisping speech
- crenations of lateral border of the tongue
- tongue may ulcerate and become secondarily infected
- if SEVERE may produce airway obstruction

Front 20

MACROGLOSSIA is a characteristic feature of what syndrome?

Back 20

Beckwith-Wideman syndrome

Front 21

What treatment is done in symptomatic patients with MACROGLOSSIA?

Back 21

- reduction glossectomy
- may benefit from speech therapy in mild cases

Front 22

Define ANKYLOGLOSSIA:

Back 22

abnormal attachment of the lingual frenum, limiting tongue mobility

Front 23

What is the etiology of ANKYLOGLOSSIA?

Back 23

developmental

Front 24

What are some complications of ANKYLOGLOSSIA?

Back 24

- speech problems
- clefting of tongue tip
- periodontal problems due to high mucogingival attachment of the lingual frenum

Front 25

Define LINGUAL THROID:

Back 25

ectopic thyroid tissue located on posterior dorsal tongue

Front 26

Most (90%) of ectopic thyroids are found in what region?

Back 26

FORAMEN CAECUM AND EPIGLOTTIS

Front 27

What are the most common symptoms of LINGUAL THYROID?

Back 27

- dysphagia (difficulty eating)
- dysphonia (difficulty speaking)
- dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

Front 28

Which systemic condition has been reported in up to 1/3 of LINGUAL THYROID patients?

Back 28

HYPOthyroidism

Front 29

Why is a biopsy often avoided in LINGUAL THYROID cases?

Back 29

Because in 70% of cases this ectopic gland is the patients only functioning thyroid tissue
- risk of hemorrhage is large

Front 30

How is a diagnosis made of LINGUAL THYROID?

Back 30

thyroid scan using iodine isotopes or technetium 99m

Front 31

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 31

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Front 32

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 32

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Front 33

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 33

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Front 34

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 34

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Front 35

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 35

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 36

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 36

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 37

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 37

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 38

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 38

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 39

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 39

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 40

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 40

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 41

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 41

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 42

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 42

FORDYCE GRANULES

Front 43

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 43

LEUKOEDEMA

Front 44

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 44

LEUKOEDEMA

Front 45

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 45

LEUKOEDEMA

Front 46

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 46

LEUKOEDEMA

Front 47

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 47

MICROGLOSSIA

Front 48

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 48

MICROGLOSSIA

Front 49

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 49

MACROGLOSSIA

Front 50

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 50

MACROGLOSSIA

Front 51

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 51

MACROGLOSSIA

Front 52

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 52

LINGUAL THYROID

Front 53

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 53

LINGUAL THYROID

Front 54

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 54

LINGUAL THYROID

Front 55

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 55

FISSURED TONGUE

Front 56

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 56

FISSURED TONGUE

Front 57

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 57

FISSURED TONGUE

Front 58

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 58

FISSURED TONGUE

Front 59

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 59

GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE

Front 60

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 60

FISSURED TONGUE

Front 61

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 61

HAIRY TONGUE

Front 62

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 62

HAIRY TONGUE

Front 63

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 63

HAIRY TONGUE

Front 64

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 64

HAIRY TONGUE

Front 65

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 65

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 66

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 66

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 67

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 67

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 68

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 68

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 69

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 69

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 70

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 70

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 71

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 71

TORUS PALATINUS

Front 72

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 72

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 73

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 73

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 74

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 74

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 75

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 75

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 76

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 76

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 77

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 77

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 78

Identify the developmental defect:

Back 78

TORUS MANDIBULARIS

Front 79

Define "VARICOSITY"

Back 79

a varicosity , or venous varix, is a type of acquired vascular malformation that represents focal dilation of a single vein

Front 80

What is the most common location of VARICOSITIES?

Back 80

sublingual varices on ventral surface of the tongue and lateral border of the tongue

Front 81

SOLITARY VARICES of the lips and buccal mucosa may need surgical removal why?

Back 81

- TO CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS:
- phlebolith, thrombus formation, or esthetic purposes

Front 82

Define EXOSTOSES:

Back 82

localized bony protruberances that arise from the cortical plate

Front 83

What are the two most common EXOSTOSES?

Back 83

- torus mandibularis
- torus palatinus

Front 84

EXOSTOSES are usually removed for which reasons?

Back 84

- if frequent trauma occurs
- for prosthetic reasons and to allow proper flap adaptation during periodontal surgery

Front 85

Define STAFNE BONE DEFECT:

Back 85

focal concavity of the cortical bone on the lingual surface of the mandible

Front 86

What is the radiographic presentation of a STAFNE BONE DEFECT?

Back 86

- well circumscribed radiolucency with sclerotic borders, BELOW THE MANDIBULAR CANAL

Front 87

What is the treatment for a STAFNE BONE DEFECT?

Back 87

no treatment necessary

Front 88

HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA occurs more often on whcih side of the body?

Back 88

RIGHT SIDE

Front 89

HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA occurs more commonly in which gender?

Back 89

Females (2:1)

Front 90

What are the FOUR types of HYPERPLASIA?

Back 90

1. Complex hyperplasia (one whole side of the body)
2. Simple hyperplasia (single digit)
3. Segmental hyperplasia (a limb)
4. Hemifacial hyperplasia (one side of face)

Front 91

Patients with HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA have increased incidence of what?

Back 91

abdominal tumours
20% have mental retardation

Front 92

What are the ORAL FEATURES of HEMIFACIAL HYPERPLASIA?

Back 92

- unilateral macroglossia
- mandibular canal and teeth can be larger
- malocclusion with open bite
- premature developemnt of the affected teeth along with precocious eruption