Pathology Module 11 - Diseases Of The Gi Tract

Front 1

A fibrous band of scar tissue that binds together normally separate anatomical structures

Back 1

Adhesion

Front 2

A transmural inflammatory disease that can affect any portion of the digestive tract but principally the small intestine and occasionally the colon

Back 2

Crohn's disease

Front 3

A pouch or sack branching out from a hollow organ or structure such as the intestine.

Back 3

Diverticulum

Front 4

Presence of Diverticulum ______
Inflammation of diverticula ______

Back 4

Diverticulosis
Diverticulitis

Front 5

An abnormal duct or passage connecting an abscess, cavity, or hollow organ to the body surface or to another hollow organ

Back 5

Fistula

Front 6

A type of bacteria that appear as small curved rods and are commonly found in the surface of the mucosal layer of epithelial cells in individuals affected by peptic ulcer disease.

Back 6

Helicobacter pylori

Front 7

Vomiting of blood

Back 7

Hematemesis

Front 8

Red blood in the stool and part of GI tract it is likely from

Back 8

Hematochezia - Lower GI

Front 9

Protrusion of an organ or other structure through the wall of the cavity normally containing it

Back 9

Hernia

Front 10

Includes both Crohn's and ulcerative colitis, characterized by inflammation of the bowel, unknown cause, and follows a pattern of familial inheritance and systemic manifestations

Back 10

Inflammatory bowel disease

Front 11

When a segment of small bowel becomes telescoped into the immediately distal bowel

Back 11

Intussusception

Front 12

Black blood in the stool

Back 12

Melena

Front 13

Blood in the stool not visible

Back 13

Occult

Front 14

A break in the mucosal lining of the GI tract produced by the action of gastric secretions

Back 14

Peptic ulcer

Front 15

Abnormal opening in a hollow organ or digestive organ

Back 15

Perforation

Front 16

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and surrounding the contained organs

Back 16

Peritonitis

Front 17

A general term used to describe any mass of tissue that projects from the a normally smooth surface.

Back 17

Polyp

Front 18

A narrowing of a tubular structure, usually consisting of a contracture or deposition of abnormal tissue

Back 18

Stricture

Front 19

An inflammatory disease of the colon which commonly presents with chronic diarrhea and rectal bleeding

Back 19

Ulcerative Colitis

Front 20

A twisting of the intestine causing an obstruction and often impairing blood supply resulting in infarction

Back 20

Volvulus

Front 21

7 signs and symptoms of GI disease

Back 21

1) Appetite loss
2) Nausea
3) Vomiting
4) Diarrhea
5) Pain
6) Bleeding
7) Obstruction

Front 22

Longstanding gastroesophageal reflux may result in these 3 steps in the lower esophagus

Back 22

Intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, adenocarcinoma

Front 23

5 year survival rate of esophageal cancer is

Back 23

5-10%

Front 24

2 main causes of peptic ulcers

Back 24

1) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ie Ibuprofen
2) Helicobacter pylori

Front 25

Main cause of acute appendicitis

Back 25

Blockage, causing mucus backup, bacteria proliferation, and increased luminal pressure

Front 26

Two types of perforation of the appendix

Back 26

Periappendiceal abscess - Fecal matter and pus spill just around appendix
Generalized peritonits - Into entire peritoneum

Front 27

Pain locations in appendicitis

Back 27

Initially around bellybutton, then moves to the lower right quadrant.

Front 28

2 pathogenic factors of diverticular disease

Back 28

Increased luminal pressure
Foci of muscle weakness in bowel wall

Front 29

Most peptic ulcers are located

Back 29

Stomach and duodenum

Front 30

Duodenal ulcers vs gastric

Back 30

4:1

Front 31

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are grouped as

Back 31

Inflammatory bowel disease

Front 32

Peak onset of UC and CD

Back 32

15-35

Front 33

Distribution of Crohn's vs Ulcerative colitis in the bowel

Back 33

Crohn's usually involves small and large intestines in a segmented manner with skip areas
Ulcerative colitis starts in the rectum and progresses up the colon

Front 34

Risks of Crohn's disease

Back 34

Ulcers that grow deeper and longer, causing scarring in the awl, and thickening. This causes the lumen to shrink (stenosis). Fistulas may occur
Perforation

Front 35

Risks of Ulcerative Colitis

Back 35

Cancer, Perforation, Polyps, bleeding

Front 36

Area of highest risk for GI obstruction

Back 36

Small bowel

Front 37

80 % of obstructions are caused by

Back 37

Hernia, adhesions, intussusception, and volvulus

Front 38

Hernias occur where

Back 38

A weakness in the abdominal wall

Front 39

Most common cause of bowel obstruction

Back 39

Adhesion

Front 40

Intussusception often caused by _____ and risks of it

Back 40

Polyps
Can cause obstruction or infarction

Front 41

Intussusception occurs in the

Back 41

Small bowel

Front 42

Areas of occurrence of volvulus

Back 42

Mostly in small bowel or sigmoid colon

Front 43

Occurrence of large bowel cancer in Canada is relatively ______ and ______ with age

Back 43

High, increase

Front 44

Risk factors of large intestinal cancer

Back 44

Meat consumption, smoking, and alcohol

Front 45

Preventors of large intestine cancer

Back 45

Vegetables, and exercise

Front 46

Genetic factors play a role in ______ of patients with colorectal cancer

Back 46

Genetics

Front 47

Adenoma-Carcinoma sequence?

Back 47

1/100 adenomas develops into an adenocarcinoma

Front 48

What percent of colorectal cancers arise in the rectum and sigmoid colon

Back 48

55

Front 49

Left sided vs right sided colorectal tumours

Back 49

Left: Circumferential, present with obstruction
Right: Fungating (Large ulcer) Which rarely obstruct but present with anemia due to blood loss

Front 50

Common sites of distant metastasis in colorectal tumours

Back 50

Liver, Lung, Bone