Pathology

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Vestigial remnant of thyroid anlage

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Foramen cecum

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Thyroid anlage descend

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Thyroglossal duct cyst

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Weight of thyroid gland

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15-20 grams

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Blood supply thyroid

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Superior and inferior thyroid a

Sup mid inf thyroid vein

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Histology thyroid

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Follicles lined by cuboidal cells

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Parafollicular cells

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C cellsb calcitonin

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Seen in children most common midline development lesion of the neck in childhood

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Thyroglossal duct cyst

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Surgery of thyroglossal duct cyst

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Sistrunk procedure

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Thyroglossal duct cyst rate of CA

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Less than 1%

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De quervains thyroiditis

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Subacute or granulomatous thyroiditis

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Most common cause of hypothyroidism

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Hashimoto thyroiditis

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Hashimoto risk

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B cell non hodgkin lymphoma and RA

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Inheritance hasimoto

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Non mendelian

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Struma lymphomatosa

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Hashimoto

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Histology hasimoto

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Hurtle cell metaplasia

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Hashimoto

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Plumners disease

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Multinodular toxic goiter

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Most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidisn

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Graves disease

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Assoc HLA B8 and DR 3

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GRAVES disease

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Graves disease epi

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Female than male, 3rd to 4th decade

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Breakdown of helper T cell tolerance, 2 thyroid autoantibodies

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TSAB AND GSab in graves

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Early hashimoto

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Hasitoxicosis, hyperthyroidism

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Symmetrical enlargment, with beefy red appearance. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid gland

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GRAVES disease

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Thyroid dse, low iodine in Himalayas, alps andes

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Endemic Goiter

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Commonest type of goiter, euthyroid hypo or hyper

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Sporadic/dyshormongenetic goiter

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Goitrogens

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Cauliflower, cabbage, cassava

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Recurrent episodes of hyperpladia and involution, all long standing diffuse endemic and spoeadic transformation

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Multinodular goiter

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Produces the most extreme thyroid enlargement

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Multinodular goiter

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Metastatic to thyroid

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Renal celk CA

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Prevalence papillary thyroid CA

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75-85%

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Benign encapsulated tumor with follicular differentiation, solitary

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Follicular adenoma

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Second most common malignant thyroid tumor (10-20%)

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Follicular carcinoma

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With transcapsular and/ or vascular invasion

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Follicular carcinoma

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Follicular carcinoma metastasis

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Hematogenous, bone and brain

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Most common thyroid malignancy (75-85%), epi

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Papillary thyroid CA, female than male, 20-40 and can occur in children

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Has prior head and neck irradiation

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Papillary thyroid CA

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Presenting feature of papillary thyroid Ca

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Cervical lymph node

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10% of cystic lesion of head and neck

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Papillary thyroid

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MicroCA

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Less than 10mm

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Orphan annie (devoid of nuclei) or ground class nuclei, delocate fibrovascular stalk, nuclear pseudoinclusions, psammoma bodies

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Papillary thyroid CA

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Prognosis papillary thyroid

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Excellent 90% 10 yr survival

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Rare less than5% highly malignant

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Anaplastic thyroid CA

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Extends into adjacent tissue esophagus and trachea

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Anaplastic thyroid CA

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With history of follicular or papillary

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Anaplastic CA

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Malignant tumor of the C cell of the thyroid

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Medullary thyroid CA

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Associated with MEN 2a or 2b

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MTC

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Germline mutation of ret oncogene

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MTC

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MEN 2A AND 2 B

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Front 49

Thyroid with amyloid seen with congo red

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Medullary thyroid CA

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Prognosis of thyroid Ca

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Best papillary worst anaplastic