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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which Ig can cross placenta |
IgG only |
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Ghon focus |
TB |
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TB |
ghon focus granuloma - langerhans giant cells G+ve, intracellular |
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TB Rx |
Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol RIPE 2/12 RI 4/12 xDRTB - RI + kanamycin/amikacin + quinolones |
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leprosy causal agents |
mycobacteria - m.leprae + m.lepromatosis |
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Bronchitis criteria + causal agents |
Cough w/ sputum, most days ≥ 3/12, ≥2 consec yrs Viral S.pneumoniae H.imfluenzae M.catarrhalis |
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Rust coloured sputum |
s.pnumoniae |
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Atypical RTI agents |
Legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumoniae + pstiacci (birds) |
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Legionella Rx |
Macrolide + rifampicin |
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Hospital aq. pneum. Rx |
1st: ciprflox ±vanc
2nd: piptazobactam + vanco |
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MRSA RTI Rx |
vancomycin |
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Opthalmia neonatorum cause + Rx |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ceftriaxone 250mg IM single dose |
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Painful genital ulcers Non-painful genital ulcers |
Pain: HSV > chancroid No pain: syphillis > lymphogranuloma |
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Chlamydia
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Lymphogranuloma venereum What is it Dx + Rx |
Chlamydia in lymph Dx: NAAT, RTPCR, genotype for serovar (L1/2/3) Rx: doxy + erythro |
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Syphillis
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Tertiary
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Chancroid Cause, appearance + world location |
Haemophilus ducreyi, painful ulcer, africa |
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Donovnosis Cause, appearance + Rx |
Klebsiella granulomatis Beefy red ulcers Rx azithro |
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Trichomoniasis
Cause, Rx |
T.vaginalis
Flagellated protozoa Rx metronidazole |
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Bacterial Vaginosis Dx, histo findings |
Polymicrobial Whiff test, clue cells |
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HPV visible wart cause |
HPV 6 + 11 |
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HPV cancer assoc |
HPV 16 + 18 |
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HSV 1 + 2 Form + transmission Types Rx |
dsDNA, mucocutaneous contact LNpathy Oral - erythematous base Genital, occular, skin (gladiatorum) Neonate - 3rd trimester = risk Encephalitis - 90% HSV1 Rx: -ciclovir, foscarnet, cidefovir |
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VZV Form, rash description, Dx, Rx, PEP |
dsDNA, viral replication in LN 'dew on rose petal rash' Dx: multinucleated giant cells (Tzanck) Rx: aciclovir PEP: VZIg |
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HHV6 + 7 |
Roseola / sixth disease Rash, febrile convulsions |
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CMV Symptoms Immunocomp + AIDS symp Dx Rx |
80% asymptomatic Immunocomp - radiculopathy, addisons AIDS - retinitis Dx: fibroblasts - owls eye inclusions IgM, IgG (↓ in primary infection) Paul Bunnel - heterophile Ab Rx: Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir |
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Owls eye inclusions in fibroblasts |
CMV |
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Paul Bunnel |
CMV, EBV |
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EBV Dx |
Paul Bunnel |
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EBV Post transplant, cancer, pregnancy |
Post transplant - lymphoma Rx: rituximab Burkitts lymphoma - africa, lg jaw Nasopharyngeal Ca NOT dangerous in preg |
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Burkitt's Lymphoma cause |
EBV |
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HHV8 Transmission, associations, Rx |
Genital tramsission Assoc w/ kaposi's, Castlemann's, lymphoma Rx: Ganciclovir |
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PUO criteria |
>38.8 oC ≥ 1 times >3/52 w/out Dx despite >1/52 Ix |
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Typhoid Causal agent + classification Characteristics, Rx |
Salmonella typhi + parathyphi anerobe, lactose fermenter, G-ve rod Peyers patches - lymphoid in GIT Rose spots Enteric fever, hepatosplenomegaly CONSTIPATION / diarrhoea Rx: IV ceftriaxone / ciprofloxacin NOTIFIABLE DISEASES |
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Rose spots |
Typhoid |
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Peyers patches |
lymphoid nodules in GIT |
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Malaria - falciparum Fever rhythm, liver stage, Ix, Rx |
48 hr rhythym Severe liver stage Ix Thick film - find parasitaemia young trophoziotes (rings) no mature troph, no schizonts cresent gametocytes Thin film - identify species ↓plt, ↓Hb Severe - ARDS DIC, haemoglobinurea, BM<2.2, pH<7.3, ↓renal fxn Rx: quinine 7/7 → doxycycline/clindamycin |
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Malaria - vivax + ovale
Fever rhythm, liver stage, Ix, Rx |
48hr rhythm Chronic liver stage - hypnozoites Schuffner's dots Rx chloroquinine → primaquinine |
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Malaria - malariae fever rhythm |
72 hr rhythm similar to p.knowlesi |
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Clostridium botulinum Where is it found, what type of Ag MoA |
Anaerobe, G+ve, rod Canned food, preformed toxin, inactivated by cooking Blocks Ach release from peripheral N → descending paralysis |
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Clostridium perfringens Where is it found, what type of Ag MoA |
Reheated meat Super Ag enterotoxin Binds TCR + MHC → massive cytokine produxn by CD4 → supression of adaptive response Gas gangrene |
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Descending paralysis |
Clostridium botulinum |
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Ascending paralysis |
GBS |
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Clostridium difficile Type of Ag Symptoms Rx |
2 exotoxins psudomembranous colitis Rx: metro, vanco |
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Baccillus Cerus Source, type of Ag, symptoms |
Aerobic G+ve Reheated rice Super Ag Watery diarrohea, no blood |
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S aureus Type of Ag, MoA, symptoms, Dx |
Aerobic G+ve Enterotoxin super Ag → ↑IL1+2 Vomit, watery diarrhoea, no blood Dx: β haemolytic on blood agar |
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E.coli ETEC EIEC EHEC EPEC HUS |
REMEMBER - enterobacteriae G -ve anaerobe, lactose fermenter Self limiting, human faeces ETEC - Toxigenic, Travellers, jejunum + ileum EIEC - Invasive dysentry EHEC - Haemolytic verotoxin EPEC - Paediatric diarrhoea |
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Salmonella enterides Classification, source, symptoms, Rx |
Non-lactose fermenter Poultry, eggs, meat Whole bowl affected Watery diarrhoea, no blood Self limit / ceftriax/cipro if req'd |
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Shigella Ag, part of GIT affected, symptoms |
Non-lactose fermenter Shiga toxin Distal ileum + colon Mucosal inflam, bloody diarrhoea |
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Yersinia enterocolitica Source, path, affected by, assoc w/ |
Non-lactose fermenter G-ve bacillus Animal poo Enterecolitis, mesenteric adenitis w/ necrotising granulomas 'cold enrichment' Assoc w/ arthritis, erythema nodosum |
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Vibrio cholerae Classification, shape, MoA |
Late lactose fermenter Oxidase +ve Comma shape Rice water, no GIT inflam ↑cAMP → Cl- channel on enterocyte apical membrane opens Cl efflux into lumen → loss H2O + electrolytes |
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus Classification, shape, source, Rx |
Late lactose fermenter Oxidase +ve Comma shape Raw seafood (Japan) 3/7 diarrhoea Doxy if req'd |
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Vibrio vulnificus Classification, shape, source, Rx |
Late lactose fermenter Oxidase +ve Comma shape Cellulitis in seafood handlers HIV - fatal septicaemia + D+v Doxy if req'd |
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Capylobacter jejuni Classification, shape, source, symp, Rx , assoc w/ |
Oxidase +ve, motile Curved S shape Sensitive to nalidixic acid Unpasturised milk, poultry Prodrome Bloody, fowl smelling diarrhoea Rx: erythro / cipro Assoc w/ reiters, Guillian Barre |
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HAI GIT infection Organism, RF, Rx, DDx |
C.diff Causal - clindamycin, cephalosporins, cipro RF: pseudomembranous colitis Rx: metro PO E.coli UTI Resistant Rx extended spectrum β lactamases DDx: klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas |
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HAI bacteraemia - organisms |
MRSA, coag -ve staph, E.coli |
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HAI Sx site - organisms |
MRSA, coag -ve staph |
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Prion MoA, Rx |
Prot only infectious agent Untreatable Prion gene chr 20 - expressed in CNS PrPsc template + PrP→PrPsc = abnormal folding Rx: clonazepam (myoclonus) [Delay conversion - Quinacrine, pentosan, tetracyline] |
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Brucellosis Classification, world location, transmission Symptoms, bloods, Dx, Rx |
G -ve aerobic bacilli Worldwide Inhalation, skin, food Undulant fever, spinal tenderness, epididymorchitis Normal WCC, neutropenia Dx: Anti-O-polysacch Ab Rx: tetracycline / doxy + streptomycin |
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Rabies Organism, cellular inclusions, CoD, Rx |
Rhabdovirus Negri bodies in N cells mths/yrs → fatal encephalitis Rx: rabies IgG post exposure |
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Plague Organism + classificaiton Symp, Dx, Rx |
Yersinia pestis G-ve lactose fermenter Dry gangrene Dx: PCR Rx: Strep, doxy, gent, chloramphenicol |
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Leptospirosis Organism + classificaiton Symp, Dx, Rx |
L.interrogans G -ve, aerobic, motile, spirochete Dog + rat urine Spiking temp Rx: amoxi, erythro, doxy, ampicillin |
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Anthrax Organism, symp |
Bacillus anthracis Cutaneous round black lesion, painless, odematous rim |
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Woolsorters disease |
Pulmonary bacillus athracis |
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Lyme disease Organism + classification Symptoms, Dx, Rx |
Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochete Ticks, cyclical fever Erythema chronica migrans - bulls eye rash Late - neuro, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Dx: ELISA - lyme Ab Rx: Doxy, (ceftriax if CNS) |
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Q fever Organism, vector, symptoms, Rx |
Coxiella burnetti
Cows + sheep Atypical pneumonia No rash Rx: Doxy |
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Leishmania Organism, vector Cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral |
Protozoa Sandfly 1 yr to heal Cut: Ulcers - dermal macrophages, Type IV rxn Dif cut: imm.def. nodules, no ulcers Muco cut: L.braziliensis nose + mouth ulcers Visceral: Kala azar L.donovani - ↑liver+spleen, BM, dermal L.infantum, chagasi Young, malnourished, abdo discomfort |
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Kala Azar |
Visceral leishmania
L donovani, chagasi, infantum Young malnourished, abdo discomfort |
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Endocarditis Organisms, symptoms, Dx |
Strep, coag -ve staph, HACEK Murmur - changing Osler, Janeway, Roth ↑spleen Dukes criteria |
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What causes flu |
Hib - no you're a moron Orthomyxovirus - well done |
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Flu Organism, RNA segments (no., type, action) Antigenic drift + shift Pathogenesis Rx + MoA |
Orthomyxovirus A(winter), B(spring) 8 RNA segments: NA - neuraminidase, cleaves sialic acid residues, disrupts mucin barrier HA - haemagglutinin, binds sialic acid receptors → virus entry Drift = mut HA/NA → new strain Shift = complete change HA/NA, only flu A Cleave of HA by claratryptase → growth H5+7 Rx Amantadine - fluA, M2 ion chanel NA inhibitor - oseltamivir, zanamivir, sialic acid only effective <48hrs post infexn |
