Patho Quiz #1 (Chapters 1-4, 7)

Front 1

Four types of tissues in the body

Back 1

1. Epithelial

2. Connective

3. Nervous

4. Muscle

Front 2

Of the four types of tissues only two of them are excitable, these are:

Back 2

1. Nervous

2. Muscle

Front 3

Types of non-dividing cells

Back 3

- Neurons

- Skeletal muscle cells

- Cardiac muscle cells

Front 4

Cells adapt to the environment by undergoing changes in:

Back 4

1. Size

2. Number

3. Cell type

Front 5

Atrophy

Back 5

decrease in cell size

Front 6

Hypertrophy

Back 6

increase in cell size

Front 7

Hyperplasia

Back 7

increase in number of cells

Front 8

Metaplasia

Back 8

a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

Front 9

Metaplasia usually occurs in response to?

Back 9

1. Chronic irritation

2. Chronic inflammation

Front 10

Dysplasia

Back 10

Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization

Front 11

Effect of hypoxia on cells

Back 11

Deprives the cell of oxygen and interrupts oxidative metabolism and the generation of adenosine triphosphate

Front 12

Five categories of cellular injury

Back 12

1. Injury from physical agents

2. Injury form radiation

3. Chemical injury

4. Injury from biological agents

5. Injury from nutritional imbalances

Front 13

Two pathways for apoptosis to occur:

Back 13

1. Extrinsic pathway- dependent and under cellular control.

2. Intrinsic pathway is independent and results from injury.

Front 14

Inflammation is?

Back 14

protective response intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, remove the damaged tissue and generate new tissue

Front 15

Cardinal signs of inflammation:

Back 15

1. Redness- due to increased blood flow due to histamine release.

2. Swelling- due to increased permeability of blood vessels

3. Heat- due to increased tissue perfusion

4. Pain- due to the effect of prostaglandins

Front 16

Acute inflammation involves two major components:

Back 16

1. Vascular phase

2. Cellular phase

Front 17

Vascular stage of inflammation

Back 17

- Vasodilation of arterioles and venules in the area

- Increased capillary permeability

-Increased protein causes more fluid to exit the vascular space causing increasing swelling

Front 18

Cellular stage of inflammation

Back 18

- Escape (Diapedesis)

- Chemotaxis

Front 19

Histamine causes (2 things)

Back 19

1. Histamine causes dilation of arterioles

2. Histamine increases the permeability of venules

Front 20

Prostaglandins do what??

Back 20

1. Induce inflammation

2. Enhance the effects of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

Front 21

Cells associated with allergic disorders and hypersensitive reactions:

Back 21

- Eosinophils

- Mast cells

- Basophils

Front 22

The three R's of healing

Back 22

1. Resolution-minimal damage

2. Regeneration, replacement of damaged or destroyed cells with identical cells

3. Remodeling, scar formation, normal tissue is replaced by connective tissue (scar tissue)

Front 23

Carcinoma

Back 23

malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue origin