Patho Final

Front 1

dysplasia

Back 1

deranged cellular growth observable in uterine cervical epithelium;
abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells

Front 2

metaplasia

Back 2

rplacement of one mature cell by another, sometimes less differentiated, cell type

Front 3

hyperplasia

Back 3

increase in the number of cells

Front 4

carbon monoxide causes what?

Back 4

asphyxiation

Front 5

ultimate injury caused by carbon monoxide?

Back 5

hypoxic injury

Front 6

lead poisoning causes?

Back 6

neurotransmitter interference

Front 7

lead interferes with the functions of what?

Back 7

calcium

Front 8

manifestations of lead poisoning

Back 8

convulsions and delirium

Front 9

acute alcoholism affects?

Back 9

CNS

Front 10

chronic alcoholism affects?

Back 10

liver

Front 11

physiologic changes that occur during heat exhaustion

Back 11

profound vasodilation
profuse sweating
dehydration
hypotension
decreased cardiac output
tachycardia

Front 12

who is recommended for amniocentesis?

Back 12

women older than 35 years
pregnancies in which parents are known to carry translocation of certain disease genes

Front 13

which disease is caused by an abnormal karyotype?

Back 13

down syndrome

Front 14

down syndrome occurs because?

Back 14

nondisjunction of older ova

Front 15

down syndrome is trisomy of which chromosome?

Back 15

21

Front 16

symptoms of down syndrome

Back 16

low nasal bridge
epicanthal folds
protruding tongue
flat, low-set ears

Front 17

sickle cell is what kind of gene disorder?

Back 17

autosomal recessive

Front 18

in a dominant disease, affected offspring are produced by a union of what?

Back 18

a normal parent with an affected heterozygous parent

Front 19

do dominant diseases have carriers?

Back 19

no

Front 20

recurrence risk for dominant disease

Back 20

50%

Front 21

most common recessive disease

Back 21

cystic fibrosis

Front 22

do recessive diseases have carriers?

Back 22

yes

Front 23

people who commit consanguinity are at highest risk for what kind of disease?

Back 23

recessive

Front 24

recurrence risk for recessive disease if both parents are carriers

Back 24

25%

Front 25

why do males affected with a sexlinked disease not pass the trait on to their sons?

Back 25

the x comes from their mother

Front 26

recurrence risk for a daughter inheriting a sexlinked disease from her affected father?

Back 26

100%

Front 27

familial diseases

Back 27

breast cancer, alzheimer's disease, hypercholesterolemia, melanoma, parkinson's disease, colon cancer

Front 28

risk factor for diabetes type 1

Back 28

viral infections

Front 29

risk factors for diabetes type 2

Back 29

family history and obesity

Front 30

risk of developing colorectal cancer

Back 30

high fat, low fiber diet

Front 31

by what age should a man be screened by colonoscopy?

Back 31

50

Front 32

sequence of general adaptation syndrome

Back 32

increased ACTH in blood, hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

Front 33

characteristic of GAS

Back 33

adenocortical enlargement

Front 34

GAS triad of changes

Back 34

enlargement of adrenal cortex
atrophy of thymus gland
bleeding ulcer in stomach and duodenum

Front 35

increased sympathetic activity occurs in what stage of stress?

Back 35

stage 1 alarm

Front 36

glucocorticoids are highest during which stage of stress?

Back 36

stage 3 exhaustion

Front 37

where does norepinephrine contribute to pain inhibition?

Back 37

pons & medulla

Front 38

norepinephrine primary function

Back 38

regulates blood pressure by constricting peripheral vessels

Front 39

epinephrine primary function

Back 39

controls cardiac action - increases cardiac output and blood pressure

Front 40

injection of epinephrine into healthy human increases...

Back 40

t cytotoxic cells
natural killer cells

Front 41

epinephrine increases body temperature by:

Back 41

increasing production by causing glycolysis and increased metabolic rates

Front 42

cortisol affects the catabolism of what?

Back 42

proteins

Front 43

the production of cortisol in response to stress can be initiated by:

Back 43

the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex

Front 44

primary function of cortisol

Back 44

stimulation of gluconeogenesis

Front 45

major sleep center is located where?

Back 45

hypothalamus

Front 46

by what age should a man be screened by colonoscopy?

Back 46

50

Front 47

sequence of general adaptation syndrome

Back 47

increased ACTH in blood, hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

Front 48

characteristic of GAS

Back 48

adenocortical enlargement

Front 49

GAS triad of changes

Back 49

enlargement of adrenal cortex
atrophy of thymus gland
bleeding ulcer in stomach and duodenum

Front 50

increased sympathetic activity occurs in what stage of stress?

Back 50

stage 1 alarm

Front 51

glucocorticoids are highest during which stage of stress?

Back 51

stage 3 exhaustion

Front 52

where does norepinephrine contribute to pain inhibition?

Back 52

pons & medulla

Front 53

norepinephrine primary function

Back 53

regulates blood pressure by constricting peripheral vessels

Front 54

epinephrine primary function

Back 54

controls cardiac action - increases cardiac output and blood pressure

Front 55

injection of epinephrine into healthy human increases...

Back 55

t cytotoxic cells
natural killer cells

Front 56

epinephrine increases body temperature by:

Back 56

increasing production by causing glycolysis and increased metabolic rates

Front 57

cortisol affects the catabolism of what?

Back 57

proteins

Front 58

the production of cortisol in response to stress can be initiated by:

Back 58

the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and adrenal cortex

Front 59

primary function of cortisol

Back 59

stimulation of gluconeogenesis

Front 60

major sleep center is located where?

Back 60

hypothalamus