Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
symptoms of hypercalcemia
|
muscle weakness and fatigue
neuronal hypoexcitability shorted QT segment nephrocalcinosis, stones nausea |
|
|
symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism
|
nephrocalcinosis
increased urinary phosphate excretion decreased renal function kidney stones bone cysts |
|
|
lab findings in primary hyperparathyroidism
|
high serum calcium
low serum phosphate high PTH high vitamin D |
|
|
lab findings of hypercalcemia due to malignancy
|
hypercalcemia
hypophasphatemia increased urinary phosphate excretion high parathyroid hormone related peptid low PTH usually normal vit D |
|
|
what is hypervitaminosis D
|
excessive intake and tissue accumulation of fat-soluble, exogenous vitamin D from supplements
|
|
|
lab findings in hypervitaminosis D
|
increased serum calcium
increased phosphate increased vit D low PTH |
|
|
what is familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
|
defective calcium sensing receptors are presetn on parathyroid follicular cells and renal tubular cells and the normal calcium levels fail to turn off the PTH secretion because the receptors don't recognize the normal levels
thus results in hypercalcemia |
|
|
lab findings of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
|
low serum phosphate
hypercalcemia PTH normal |
|
|
what drugs induce hypercalcemia
|
thiazide diuretics
lithium hypervitaminosis A |
|
|
what bone disease is associated with primary hyperparathyroidism
|
osteitis fibrosa cystica - bone cysts
|
|
|
symptoms of hypocalcemia
|
painful, involuntary contractions (cramps)
tetany prolonged QT interval first degree block decreased myocardial contractility |
|
|
lab findings with hypocalcemia
|
hypocalcemia
hyperphosphatemia |
|
|
most common cause of primary hypoparathyroidism
|
surgery during removal of thyroid gland
|
|
|
lab findings of primary hypoparathyroidism
|
low PTH
low serum and urinary calcium high serum phosphate low vit D |
|
|
what is DiGeorge syndrome
|
dysgenesis of thymust and parathyroids
congenital cause of primary hypoparathyroidism |
|
|
what is pseduohypoparathyroidism
|
hereditary disorder of target-organ unresponsiveness to PTH
|
|
|
what is Addison's disease
|
primary adrenal insufficiency
failure of adrenal gland to produce cortisol and aldosterone due to destruction, atrophy, or dysfunction of the gland |
|
|
symptoms of coritsol deficiency
|
weakness
fatigue hypotension hypoglycemia |
|
|
symptoms of aldosterone deficiency
|
renal sodium wasting
hypotension hyponatremia hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis |
|
|
primary sypmtoms of Addison's disease
|
hyperpigmentation
weakness, fatigue, weight loss hypoglycemia hyponatremia hyperkalemia increased ACTH levels due to loss of negative feedback suppression |
|
|
what are teh symptoms of Addisonian crisis
|
acute adrenal insufficiency:
hyponatremia hyperkalemia hypoglycemia hypotension hypovolemic shock |
|
|
what is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
|
acute, bilateral hemorrhagic infarction of the cortex
|
|
|
symptoms of acute adrenal hemorrhage
|
hypotension, shock, fever
progresses into severe hypotension, volume depletion, dehydration, hyperpyrexia |
|
|
2 major causes of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
|
1. ACTH deficiency due to exogenous glucocorticoid therapy
2. ACTH deficiency due to nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma |
|
|
what are the major differences between primary and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
|
1. hyperpigmentation is not present in secondary
2. aldosterone secretion is normal in secondary 3. low ACTH levels in secondary |
|
|
treatment of adrenocortical insufficiency
|
IV glucocorticoid: hydrocortisone
|
|
|
what are the 3 causes of Cushing's syndrom
|
iatrogenic resulting from chronic glucocorticoid therapy
ectopic ACTH syndomre Cushing's disease |
|
|
what test provides high specificity and virtually 100% sensitivity for diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome
|
absence of diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion: elevated serum cortisol at midnight in nonstressed patients
|
