Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lines of Defense
|
2nd 3rd |
|
|
1st line of defense
|
-Mechanical Barriers |
|
|
2nd line of defense
|
-Chemical barriers -Natural Killer Cells -Inflammation -Phagocytosis -Fever |
|
|
3rd Line of Defense
|
-Immunity |
|
|
Body Defenses
|
-Injury -Disease |
|
|
Inflammation
|
-redness -swelling -warmth -Pain *Possible loss of function |
|
|
4 ORs of Inflammation
|
Tumor (swelling) Calor (Warmth) Dolor (pain) |
|
|
Acute Inflammation
|
-Damaged cell contents attract leukocytes to the area ("chemotaxis") and the "cellular response" begins -These cells then move through the cell wall into the interstitial space, a process known as "diapedesis" |
|
|
Diapedesis
|
Cells move through the cell wall into interstitial space
|
|
|
Vascular response
|
Vasodilation and increased Capillary permeability |
|
|
Cellular Response (Chemotaxis)
|
Damaged cell contents attract leukocytes to the area |
|
|
Exudates
|
Fibrinous Purulent Hemorrhagic |
|
|
Serous Exudate
|
-Consists primarily of fluid with small amounts of protein and white blood cells *Causes -Allergic Reaction -Burns |
|
|
Fibrinous Exudate
|
-Increase risk of scar tissue in an area |
|
|
Purulent (pus) Exudate
|
*Contains -Leukocytes -Cellular debris -Microorganisms *Indicates -Bacterial infection |
|
|
Hemorrhagic (bloody) Exudate
|
May be present if blood vessels have been damaged |
|
|
Healing
|
Regeneration Replacement |
|
|
Resolution
|
*Cells recover and return to normal in a short period of time -Ex. Sunburn |
|
|
Regeneration
|
*Occurs in damaged tissue that can still undergo mitosis *Tissue is replaced by identical tissue from the proliferation of nearby cells *Sometimes the tissue will be altered and may distort orderly arrangement of cells -Ex: Fibrous tissue in the liver nodules of new cells form and do not contribute to the overall function of the liver |
|
|
Replacement (by connective tissue)(scar or fibrous tissue formation)
|
*Cells are incapable of mitosis -Ex. Brain or Myocardium |
|
|
Superficial Partial thickness
|
*Injuring only the epidermis |
|
|
Deep Partial thickness |
*Destroys epidermis and some of dermis |
|
|
Full Thickness |
*Destroys all skin layers and underlying tissue *Area is -Coagulated or Charred (surface is hard and dry-Eschar) |
|
|
Rule of Nines |
*Posterior head and Neck-4.5 *Anterior Upper Extremities (R/L)-9 *Posterior Upper Extremities (R/L)-9 *Anterior trunk-18 *Posterior trunk-18 *Anterior lower extremities (R/L)-18 *Posterior Lower extremities (R/L)-18 *Perineum-1 =100% |
|
|
Example of Rule of Nines *A woman has burns on anterior surfaces of her right arm, chest and right leg |
Chest=9 Anterior right leg=9 **Percentage of body surface area burned is approximately=22.5% |
|
|
*A child burns on the posterior head, posterior trunk, and posterior arms |
Posterior trunk (back)=18 Posterior arms (R/L) = 9 **Percentage of body surface area burned is approximately =31.5% |
|
|
Mechanical barriers |
1st line of defense-Non specific |
|
|
-Natural Killer Cells -Inflammation -Phagocytosis -Fever |
2nd line of defenses-Non Specific |
|
|
-Immunity |
3rd line of defense- Specific |
|
|
All defenses are designed to overcome |
Disease |
|
|
-Redness -Swelling -Warmth -Pain -Possible loss of function |
|
|
|
Rubor |
Redness |
|
|
Tumor |
Swelling |
|
|
Calor |
Warmth |
|
|
Dolor
|
Pain |
|
|
-Damaged cell contents attract leukocytes to the area ("CHEMOTAXIS") and the "CELLULAR RESPONSE" begins |
Acute Inflammation |
|
|
*Acute Inflammation -These cells then move through the cell wall to the interstitial space, a process known as.... |
Diapedesis |
|
|
*Acute Inflammation -Vasodilation and increased capillary permeability make up the______________ to injury |
Vascular response |
|
|
*Acute Inflammation -Damaged cell contents attract leukocytes to the area (________) and the ___________begins |
--Cellular response |
|
|
Exudates
|
*Serous *Fibrinous *Purulent *Hemorrhagic |
|
|
Watery Exudate *Consists primarily of fluid with small amounts of protein and white blood cells -Causes -Allergic reactions -Burns |
Serous |
|
|
Exudate *Thick and sticky with a high cell and fibrin content *Increases risk of scar tissue in an area |
Fibrinous |
|
|
*Thick, yellow-green in color *Contains -Leukocytes -Cellular debris -Microorganisms *Indicates -Bacterial infection |
Purulent |
|
|
Bloody Exudate *May be present if blood vessels have been damaged |
Hemorrhagic |
|
|
Regeneration Replacement |
Healing |
|
|
*Occurs with minimal tissue damage *Cells recover and return to normal in short period of time -Ex. Sunburn |
Resolution |
|
|
*Tissue is replaced by identical tissue from the proliferation of nearby cells *Sometimes the tissue will be altered and may distort orderly arrangement of cells -Ex. Fibrous tissue in the liver Nodules of new cells form and do not contribute to the overall function of the liver |
Regeneration |
|
|
-By connective tissue (scar or fibrous tissue formation) *Occurs after extensive tissue damage or *Cells are incapable of mitosis -Ex. Brain or Myocardium |
Replacement |
|
|
*First degree burn *Injuring only the epidermis |
Superficial Partial-thickness |
|
|
*Second degree burn *Destroys epidermis and some dermis |
Deep Partial-Thickness |
|
|
*Destroys all skin layers and underlying tissues *Area is -Coagulated or Charred (surface is hard and dry-Eschar) |
Full-thickness |
|
|
*Woman=______ surface area burned *Child= ______surface area burned |
***31.5% |
