Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The suffix -oma usually means |
benign tumor |
|
|
The suffixes -carinoma and -sarcoma mean |
malignant tumor |
|
|
Which type of tumor has slow growth, is local (doesn't spread), is histologically well differentiated, and rarely recurs |
Benign tumors |
|
|
Which type of tumor features rapid growth, risk for metastasis, anaplasia, dysfunction, invasive growth, and commonly recurs |
Malignant tumors |
|
|
The ________ of a tumor describes a histologic analysis of the degree of anaplasia |
Grade |
|
|
The ______ of a tumor describes its location and pattern of spread |
Stage |
|
|
A stage 0 tumor is also called carcinoma ___ ______ |
in situ |
|
|
Stage ____ indicates the tumor has begun distant metastasis and spread to other organs |
IV |
|
|
The two important classes of genes involved in cancer growth |
- Normal proto-oncogenes (these become over-active) - Tumor suppression genes (anti-oncogenes)(these are inactivated) |
|
|
What are proto-oncogenes |
Normal genes that cells need to undergo mitosis and create new cells. It is only when mutated or over-activated do they become "oncogenes" that have the potential to cause cancer. |
|
|
Two important tumor suppression genes |
- pRb - master brake of the cell cycle, inhibits transcription- p53 - suicide genes, causes apoptosis of errant cells |
|
|
What is the pRb gene |
tumor suppression gene - master brake of the cell cycle - inhibits transcription |
|
|
What is the P53 gene |
Tumor suppression gene - Suicide gene; causes apoptosis of errant cells |
|
|
Metastasis |
the process of spreading to sites distant from the primary site |
|
|
What is cachexia |
wasting of the body due to chronic illness |
|
|
"Lymphoproliferative disorders" is another term for |
Hematologic cancers |
|
|
Leukemia |
excessive WBCs in the blood |
|
|
Types of leukemia |
- Lymphoid -ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia) - CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) - Myeloid - AML (acute myeloid leukemia) - CML (chronic myeloid leukemia |
|
|
The "Philadelphia chromosome" is the product of a certain translocation between Chromosomes 9 and 22 in some individuals. It makes a protein that causes ________ |
CML (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) |
|
|
Lymphoma |
cancer in which the original cells become cancerous in the lymph nodes (not bone marrow) |
|
|
A blood test (will)or(will not) give a reliable indicator of lymphoma |
will not. Leukemias show up well in a blood test; lymphomas do not. |
|
|
Two categories of lymphomas |
Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
|
|
What are the characteristic abnormal cells found in the biopsies of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma |
Reed Sternberg cells |
|
|
Common symptoms of lymphomas |
Weight loss, night sweats, intermittent fever |
|
|
What type of cancer is characterized by malignant proliferation of differentiated (antibody-secreting) B cells |
Plasma cell myeloma (AKA multiple myeloma) |
|
|
What is characteristic about how antibody levels show up on serum electrophoresis tests in an individual with Plasma Cell myeloma |
A monoclonal antibody peak; ie, a huge number of a single kind of antibodies. Normally you would see a more even distribution; with PCM you get huge numbers of the same antibody, leading to a single huge peak on electrophoresis tests |
|
|
Chemotherapy and radiation usually work best by what method of killing cancer cells |
inducing apoptosis |
