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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Increased pancreatic function tests
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Pancreatitis
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Increased serum enzymes
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Liver dysfunction
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Decreased serum proteins
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Liver dysfunction
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Increased clotting times
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Liver dysfunction
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Increased indirect bilirubin
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Hemolytic or liver disease
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Increased direct bilirubin
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Gallstones
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Insulin
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Inhibits gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and ketogenesis
Decreases blood glucose Stimulated by hyperglycemia PNS stimulation |
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Glucagon
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Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Increases glucose Stimulated by hypoglycemia SNS stimulation |
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Diagnostic factors of diabetes
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More than 1 fasting blood glucose over 126 mg/dl
Blood glucose levels following an OGTT of over 200 mg/dl with confirmation on a subsequent day Random blood glucose levels of over 200 mg/dl with classic symptoms |
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Classic symptoms of diabetes
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Polyuria
Polydipsia Polyphagia Other symptoms: weight loss and fatigue |
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Polyuria
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Glucose level exceeds the renal threshold for glucose causing glucose to spill over into the urine
An osmotic diuresis occurs as glucose pulls water to be excreted in the urine |
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Polydipsia
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Water is osmotically attracted from body cells resulting in intracellular dehydration
The thirst center in the hypothalamus is triggered |
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Polyphagia
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Depletion of of cellular stores of carbs, fats, and proteins
Cellular starvation with triggering of hunger |
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Type I diabetes
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Insulin dependent
Juvenile onset Immune type (type II or IV): immunologically mediated destruction of beta cells Non-immune type Beta cell destruction results Non-obese |
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Type II diabetes
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Non-insulin dependent
Adult onset Cellular resistance to the effects of insulin following years of hyperinsulinemia Degeneration of beta cells Obesity |
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Clinical manifestations of type II diabetes
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Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Recurrent infections Visual changes Parathesias Genital pruritis |
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Hypoglycemia
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Excess insulin
Excess oral hypoglycemic medications Excessive exercise Insufficient food intake Neurologic and SNS symptoms |
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Neurologic symptoms r/t decreased glucose to the brain
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Headache, visual changes
Confusion, difficulty concentrating, irritability Tremors, seizure Coma, death |
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Hyperglycemia
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Deficit of insulin
Deficit or oral hypoglycemic drugs Deficit of exercise Excess of food Stress response Diabetes symptoms |
