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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cancers related to WT-1
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Child tumor- also called neuroblastoma (wilms tumor)
Supressor |
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Cancer related to PTCH
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suppressor
basal carcinoma |
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How do cancer cells evade apoptosis
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overexpression of BCL-2
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What tumor is strongly associated with evasion of apoptosis and what gene is involved?
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BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma) most important evade apoptosis-Igg heavy chain
almost impossible to cure |
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Function of telomerase with respect to neoplasia
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makes the cell immortal (preserves continued replication)
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What factors are pro-angiogenic?
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VEGF (upregulated by HIF which is blocked by VHL)
BFBGF(basic fibroblastic growth factor). VEGF responds to HIF and blocker is VHL |
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Cancer invasion
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-Loosening of Intercellular junctions (loss of E cadherins)
-Degradation of basement membrane (Cathepsin D, Urokinase plaminogen activator) -Attachment of fibrinonectin to receptor and migration in endothelium |
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Process of metastasis
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Seed and Soil
dont see metastasis in skeletal muscle and spleen. Tumor forms embolis and gets filtered in lung and liver. Cancer endsu up where it is because cancer expresses a cemokine to a ligand where the cancer goes. |
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DNA repair genes
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BRCA 1, 2
ATM- sensitive to radiation NER-xeropigmentosa |
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What are the functions and neoplasm most associated with mismatch repair genes, MSH, MLH and PMS.
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Mismatch repair genes. When they are defective you get microsatalite instability. Cancer most associated are nonpoly.
If you see nonpolyps it is a mismatch. |
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What condition is associated with nuleotide excision repair defects?
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Xeropigmentosa
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Genes involved in homologous recombination repair? associations
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 Breast cancer and ovarian cancer
Ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) |
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Describe the Warburg effect and clinical significance/use
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Aerobic glycolosis. This is the way petscans work.
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Know functions, familial syndrome and cancers related to PTEN
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PTEN is a pathway bloker. P1k3 goes with Cowden-tumors in breast and sporadic tumor is endometrial cancer. Will show up with endometrial cancer suppressor
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Know functions and cancers related to VHL
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VHL is a supressor of angiogenesis. Activates HIFa. Cancer is renal cell carcinoma. Get hemangiomas else where.
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What are the clinical characteristics of NF-2
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NF-2 is a suppressor and gene product is Merlin
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What is the function of NF-1
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NF-1 is a suppressor of RAS.
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What tumors are most associated with TGF-beta/SMAD alterations
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it is a suppressor and associated with colon cancer
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What tumors are most strongly associated with APC/beta catenin pathway? How do they interact?
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Colon polyps and colon adenoma. APC is the brakes on beta catenin. Catenin is oncogene, APC is suppressor gene. Catenin is involved in tethering cadherins (cell to cell adhesion). APC is on chromosome 5.
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