Parasitology Pesticides

Front 1

Pyrethins- description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 1

- Botanicals, metabolized quickly so synergists are often used such as piperonyl butoxide
- disrupt ion transport in nerve membrane inducing paralysis, "quick knockdown" mild repellant activity
- low toxicity, topical application

Front 2

Pyrethoids - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 2

- Synthetic pyrethrin like but more potent, applied topically with similar paralytic activity to pyrethrins
- minor repellant activity
- Permethrin is toxic to cats, Etofenprox can be used on cats
- some toxicity issues overall because they last longer
- Most of these end in - thrin, cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltmethrin... Etc.

Front 3

Neonicotinoids - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 3

- Binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, some generics imidacloprid, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran
- low toxicity because mammalian receptors are different
- can be oral or topical, example include Advantage, Capstar, and Vectra 3-D
- Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors causing spastic paralysis

Front 4

Macrolides/ macrocyclic lactones - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 4

- Includes Ivermectin and Selamectin
- multiple delivery routes but topicals ARE absorbed systemically
- Revolution is part of this group

Front 5

Spinosyns - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 5

- Include spinosad products Comfortis and Trifexis, also includes Spinetoran, similar to neonicotinoids
- activate acetylcholine receptor to paralyze insects, derived from soil bacteria, toxicity appears to be low
- can be oral or topical and long lasting

Front 6

Phenylpyrazoles - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 6

- Includes fipronil only, Frontline Plus contains this ingredient
- best for ticks, mites, and insects
- binds GABA receptors to alter ion concentration causing hyper excitability and death
- toxicity is low because mammalian receptors are different, lipophilic molecule which utilizes the animals own sebaceous glands to disperse, topical administration which doesn't become systemic

Front 7

Formamadines - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 7

Includes Amitraz products Mitaban Preventic collar, and Certifect, tick and mite is primary target, inhibits monoamine oxidase, topical and non-systemic but can last for days, CAN'T be used in horses

Front 8

Oxadiazine- description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 8

- Indoxacarb best for insects, sodium ion channel blocker which affects neuromuscular system
- low toxicity
- Activyl for cats in this group

Front 9

Carbamates - description, examples, toxicity, delivery method

Back 9

- Inhibits acetylcholinesterase, can be found in OTC flea and tick collars

Front 10

What two name brand pesticide products have a we discussed in class contain growth regulators that are juvenile hormone analogs? What are the hormone analogs? How safe are these?

Back 10

Frontline Plus contains Methoprene.
Vectra-3D contains Pyriproxyfen.
These products have low toxicity and can last for several months.

Front 11

What pesticide product have we discussed inhibits chitin development and is therefore a development inhibitor? How safe is this drug?

Back 11

- Name brand name is Program and active product is lufenuron
- Pretty safe drug, low toxicity and can last for a few months

Front 12

What are the two synergistic chemicals used to enhance pyrethins and pyrethroids?

Back 12

Piperonyl butoxide and N-octyl bicycloheptane dicarboximide.