Parasitology

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antimony sodium gluconate

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protozoan
blocks energy production in protozoan cells.

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azithromycin and oxytetracycline

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protozoan
inhibits protein synthesis

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chloroquine and diloxanide furoate

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protozoan
inhibit hemoglobin breakdown in erythrocytes

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fumagillin

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protozoan
inhibits enz activity in protozoan cells

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metronidazole

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protozoan
binds to and inhibits DNA syn and protein formation

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Niturtimox

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protozoan
inhibits DNA syn and damages protozoan cell membranes

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pyrimethamine sulfadiazine and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

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protozoan
inhibits DNA syn and disrupt mitochondria

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Suramin

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protozoan
inhibits enz activity and damages intracellular organelles

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praziquantel

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trematodes
increases Calcium permeability producing muscle paralysis and vacuolization and vesiculation of the worms tegument

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niclosamide

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cestodes
inhibits phosphorylation in the tapeworm mitochodria

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Diethylcarbamazine

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nematodes
damages microfilaria membranes and immobilizes larvae.

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Albendazole, mebendazole,Thiabendazole, Triclabendazole

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nematodes
inhibits cytoplasmic microtubule formation

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Ivermectin

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nematodes
increases chloride permeability producing a paralysis of nematode muscles.

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Malathion

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arthropods
a neurological poison

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Fecal concentrations

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used to concentrate parasitic forms in fecal samples. based on the fact that parasites will float in Zinc-Sulfate solutions of high osmolarity and specimens can be collected onto a glass slide and observed with a LM.

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KOH preps

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quick and inexpensive to view microscopic arthropods.
causes most tissue elements to dissolve leaving parasite forms that retain their shape and color and can be observed with LM.
(sarcoptes mite)

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Giemsa stain

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used when intracellular structures are to be examined. stains tissue and blood cells showing blue-colored intracellular parasites, sometimes with a halo around them
(leishmania amastigotes)

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trichrome stain

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standard procedure used for staining parasites in fecal material. stains protozoans cells pink with blue-green organelles
(entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

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Wrights Stain

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used to id cell types in blood smears. stains leucocytes and erythrocytes as wells as protozoans or micofilaria in blood smears.
(babesia, trophozoites?)

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acid fast stain

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used to find and id small protozoans in fecal smears.
stains cells pink with blue background making them easy to find.

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protoplasm

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differentiated into a nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles.

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function of protozoan ectoplasm vs endoplasm

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ectoplasm: movement, ingestion of food, excretion, respiration and protection.

Endoplasm: granular and functions in nutrition and reproduction

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asexual reproduction is by what 3 mech.

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binary fission
schizogony (multiple fission)
endodyogeny (internal budding)

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protozoan nucleus contains what 4 things

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outer nuclear membrane
inner reticulum
chromatin
karyosome

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protozoan sexual reproduction by:

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conjugation
syngamy (fertilization)

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Causes of amoebiasis

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entamoeba histolytica
found worldwide
humans and non-human mammals as reservoirs and definite hosts.