Parasitology (Blader)

Front 1

What are the 2 major groups of parasites?

Back 1

1. Protozoa
2. Helminths

Front 2

T or F.

Except for the Guinea Worm, there are no vaccines available for any human parasitic disease.

Back 2

TRUE.

Front 3

Parasites usually cause _______ infections.

Back 3

Latent.

Front 4

What group of parasites are unicellular and microscopic?

Back 4

Protozoa

Front 5

Can protozoa be either extracellular or intracellular?

Back 5

YES.

Front 6

What kind of immunity responds to extracellular protozoans?

What is the exception?

Back 6

Humoral immunity

EXCEPT for Entamoeba infections --> Th1 response

Front 7

What kind of immunity responds to intracellular protozoans?

What is the exception?

Back 7

Cell-mediated immunity

EXCEPT for malaria, which present antigens on the surface of infected RBCs that induce strong ANTIBODY responses.

Front 8

What are the 3 major groups of protozoans?

Back 8

1. Amoeba
2. Apicomplexans
3. Kinetoplastids

Front 9

Name 3 members of the Amoeba group of protozoans.

Back 9

1. Entamoeba
2. Acanthamoeba
3. Neagleria

Front 10

Name 6 members of the Apicomplexan group of protozoans.

Back 10

1. Isospora
2. Toxoplasma
3. Plasmodium
4. Babesia
5. Cyclospora
6. Cryptosporidium

(I SO said, "don't give TOXic PLASMa to a BABy, or it will do CLYCOs in it's CRYP(crib)").

Front 11

What are the 2 members of the Kinetoplastid protozoans?

Back 11

1. Leishmania
2. Trypanosomes

Front 12

"Trophozoites"
Name the stage.

Back 12

Replicative or infectious

Front 13

"Tachyzoites"
Name the stage.

Back 13

Replicative

Front 14

"Merozoites, Schizonts"
Name the stage

Back 14

Replicative

Front 15

"Amastigotes"
Name the stage

Back 15

Replicative

Front 16

"Trypomastigotes"
Name the stage

Back 16

Replicative

Front 17

"Cysts"
Name the stage.

Back 17

Infectious

Front 18

"Sporozoites"
Name the stage.

Back 18

Infectious

Front 19

"Promastigotes."
Name the stage

Back 19

Infectious

Front 20

"Metacyclic Trypomastigotes"
Name the stage.

Back 20

Infectious

Front 21

The stage of parasite identified by microscopy depends on....?

Back 21

Where the sample comes from

Front 22

Stool samples most often contain which form of parasite?
(transmissible or replicating)

Back 22

Transmissible

Front 23

Tissue/blood samples most often contain which form of parasite?
(transmissible or replicating)

Back 23

Replicating

Front 24

If you suspect a parasitic infection that has penetrated the CSF, what lab procedure should you do?

Back 24

CSF smear
(microscopic examination of cerebral spinal fluid)
You can do this to look for Naegleria fowleri trophozoites--> primary amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Front 25

What is dangerous about cysts in water?

Back 25

They can penetrate the nasal mucosa!

Front 26

What group of parasites are multicellular?

Back 26

Helminths

Front 27

T or F.

Helminths are largely extracellular, but some are intracellular.

Back 27

TRUE.`

Front 28

What type of immunity responds to helminths?

Back 28

Th2-driven Humoral immunity
(Eosinophils and basophils are rapidly activated, engaged, and proliferate)

Front 29

What type of infections is most likely present if a patient has high levels of eosinophils?

Back 29

Helminth parasitic infection

(basophils may also be present at increased levels)

Front 30

What are the 3 major groups of Helminths?

Back 30

1. Cestodes (tapeworms)
2. Trematodes (flukes)
3. Nematodes (round worms)

Front 31

What group of Helminths use multiple hosts (canines, pigs, arthropods..) to complete their life cycle?

Back 31

Cestodes (tapeworms)

Front 32

What group of Helminths all require mollusks to complete their life cycle?

Back 32

Trematodes (flukes)

Front 33

What group of Helminths do not always need an intermediate host?

Back 33

Nematodes (round worms)

Front 34

If a person steps on a snail and contracts an infection, what type of parasite was most likely contracted?

Back 34

Trematode (flukes)
Require mollusks to complete life cycle

Front 35

What group of Helminths only require one host?
("Simple 1 Host)

Back 35

Nematodes

Front 36

What group of Helminths can be contracted if a person with bare feet steps in animal feces?

Back 36

Nematode (round worm)
Ex: Ancylostoma

Front 37

What group of Helminths should you be cautious of at a beach--either on the shore or in the water?

Back 37

Trematodes (flukes)
Ex: Schistosoma

Front 38

Do trematodes require 1 or 2 hosts?

Back 38

TWO (mollusks --> human/animal)
"Complex 2 Hosts"

Front 39

What type of Helminth is responsible for Ascariasis?

Back 39

Nematode (round worm)
"Ascaris lumbricoides"

Complex "loop-the-loop" life cycle

Front 40

What type of symptoms might a person with Ascariasis experience?

Back 40

1. Nutritional depletion
2. Intestinal obstruction
3. Intestinal perforation

Front 41

What group of Helminths can be contracted if a person with bare feet steps in animal feces?

Back 41

Nematode (round worm)
Ex: Ancylostoma

Front 42

What group of Helminths should you be cautious of at a beach--either on the shore or in the water?

Back 42

Trematodes (flukes)
Ex: Schistosoma

Front 43

Do trematodes require 1 or 2 hosts?

Back 43

TWO (mollusks --> human/animal)
"Complex 2 Hosts"

Front 44

What type of Helminth is responsible for Ascariasis?

Back 44

Nematode (round worm)
"Ascaris lumbricoides"

Complex "loop-the-loop" life cycle

Front 45

What type of symptoms might a person with Ascariasis experience?

Back 45

1. Nutritional depletion (weight-loss)
2. Intestinal obstruction (constipation)
3. Intestinal perforation

Front 46

What group of Helminths can be contracted if a person with bare feet steps in animal feces?

Back 46

Nematode (round worm)
Ex: Ancylostoma

Front 47

What group of Helminths should you be cautious of at a beach--either on the shore or in the water?

Back 47

Trematodes (flukes)
Ex: Schistosoma

Front 48

Do trematodes require 1 or 2 hosts?

Back 48

TWO (mollusks --> human/animal)
"Complex 2 Hosts"

Front 49

What type of Helminth is responsible for Ascariasis?

Back 49

Nematode (round worm)
"Ascaris lumbricoides"

Complex "loop-the-loop" life cycle

Front 50

What type of symptoms might a person with Ascariasis experience?

Back 50

1. Nutritional depletion (weight-loss)
2. Intestinal obstruction (constipation)
3. Intestinal perforation

Front 51

What symptom is most common (but not always present) with a pinworm infection?
(Pinworm Enterobius vermicularis)

Back 51

Perianal itching

Front 52

What type of procedure would be wise to perform if you suspect a pinworm infection?

Back 52

Colonoscopy

Front 53

If you diagnose a patient with a pinworm infection, who should you write prescriptions for?

What should you discuss with the family?

Back 53

EVERYONE IN HIS FAMILY
(Pinworms are HIGHLY transmissible)

Discuss hygeine b/c of easy reinfection. Change clothes, wash sheets, frequent showers, wash hands well.