Parasitology

Front 1

Deals with the study of parasites which causes human infections and the diseases they produce

Back 1

Medical Parasitology

Front 2

Living together of two different organisms, each of a different species

Back 2

Symbiosis

Front 3

Typea of symbiosis

Back 3

Commensalism

Mutualism

Parasitism

Front 4

Association wherein one is benefited the other is neither benefited nor harm

Back 4

Commensalism

Front 5

Associatiin beneficial to both organism

Back 5

Mutualism

Front 6

Association that is beneficial to one at the other's expense

Back 6

Parasitism

Front 7

Entamoeba coli and man

Back 7

Commensalism

Front 8

Entamoeba histolytica and man

Back 8

Parasitism

Front 9

Weaker organism dependent on the host for survival

Back 9

Parasite

Front 10

Worm parasites

Back 10

Helminths

Front 11

Types of helminths

Back 11

Nematodes (round worm)

Trematodes (flukes)

Cestodes (tape worms)

Front 12

Flatworms

Back 12

Trematodes and cestodes

Front 13

Non-worm parasites

Back 13

Non-helminths

Front 14

Example of non-helminths

Back 14

Protozoa and Arthropods

Front 15

Unicellular organism which includes amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, &sporozoa

Back 15

Protozoa

Front 16

Serves as a vector of other parasites whih includes mosquitoa, insects, tick, fleas, etc.

Back 16

Arthropods

Front 17

Classification of parasites

Back 17

Habitat:

-ectoparasite

- endoparasite

Host Requirement:

-obligate

- free-living/ facultative

No. Of host requirement:

-periodic

-transitory

Period:

-incidental

Permanent

Front 18

Lives/ found on body surfaces like skin &hair

Back 18

Ectoparasite

Front 19

Examples of ectoparasite

Back 19

Lice or fleas

Front 20

Head louse

Back 20

Pediculus humanus capitis

Front 21

Body louse

Back 21

Pediculus humanus corporis

Front 22

Pubic louse or "crab louse"

Back 22

Pthirus pubis

Front 23

Invasion of ectoparasites

Back 23

Infestation

Front 24

Lives within the body of the host

Back 24

Endoparasite

Front 25

Examples of endoparasite

Back 25

Entamoeba coli & E. histolytica- colon

Wuchereria bancrofti - lower lymphtics

Loaloa-subcutaneoua tissue

Enterobius vermicularis- large intestine

Front 26

Mere presence of endoparasite or invasion made by endoparasites

Back 26

Infection

Front 27

Causes Filiariasis

Back 27

Wuchereria bancrofti

Loa loa

Front 28

Requires a host for survival

Back 28

Obligate

Front 29

Example of obligate patasites

Back 29

All endoparasite

Front 30

Can live independently without host, capable of free living existence

Back 30

Free- living/ facultative

Front 31

Examples of free-living/ facultative

Back 31

Acanthamoeba spp.

Naegleria fowleri

Strongyloides fowleri

Front 32

Parasite whose larval and adult stages are passed into different host

2 host requirements

Back 32

Periodic

Front 33

Parasite whose larval stage is passed in a host while the adult is free living

Only 1 host required

Back 33

Transitory

Front 34

Example of periodic

Back 34

Schistosoma japonicum

Front 35

Thise occuring in an unusual host

Back 35

Incidental

Front 36

Example of incidental

Back 36

Angiostoma caninum

Front 37

Those that lives in a host from early life to maturity

Back 37

Permanent

Front 38

Life cycle of parasites

Back 38

Direct life cycle

Indirect life cycle

Front 39

If the cycle is completed in one host

Back 39

Direct life cycle

Front 40

Example of direct life cycle

Back 40

Entamoeba histolytica

Giardia lamblia

Ascaris lumbricoides

Enterobius lumbricoides

Front 41

Type of cycle completed in more than one host

Back 41

Indirect life cycle

Front 42

Those that lives in an organ different from the one it usually lives but within the same host

Back 42

Erratic

Front 43

Example or Erratic

Back 43

Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 44

Those that can set up a disease process in man

Back 44

Pathogenic

Front 45

Not capable of causing disease

Back 45

Non- pathogenic/ commensal

Front 46

Example of non-pathogenic

Back 46

Entamoeba coli

Trichomonas tenax

Chylomastix mesnili

Endolimax nana

Front 47

Non- human parasites that could also infect man

Back 47

Zoonotic

Front 48

All zoonotic are pathogenic except for Entamoeba coli

Back 48

Note!

Front 49

Examples of Zoonotic

Back 49

Ancylostoma caninum (dog hook worm)

Toxocara cati (ascaris of cats)

Angiostrongylus cantonensis(rat lung worm)

Toxocara canis (ascaris of dogs)

Dirofilaria immitis

Ancylostoma braziliensis (cat hookworm)

Front 50

Structures appearing like parasites

Back 50

Pseudoparasite

Front 51

Examples of pseudoparasite

Back 51

Vegetable hair- helminth larva

Pollen grains - helminth eggs

Front 52

Parasite infecting another parasite

Back 52

Hyperparasite

Front 53

Example of hyperparasite

Back 53

Ctenophalides canis - dog flea, parasite of dogs infected dby larval form of Dipylidium caninum

Front 54

Intracellular/ Intraerythrocytic

Back 54

Parasite infecting the cell/ RBCs

Front 55

Example of Intracellular

Back 55

Plasmodium falciparum- infect RBCs causes malaria

Leishmania spp- infect reticuloendothelial cells

Front 56

Organism which harbors the parasite and provides nourishment and shelter to the latter

Back 56

Host

Front 57

Host that harbors the sexual or the adult stage of the parasite

Back 57

Definitive

Front 58

Example of Definitive

Back 58

Toxoplasma gondii- cats

Echinicoccus granulosus- dogs, foxes, wolves

Plasmodiun spp - female Anopheles mosquitoes

Front 59

Host that harbors the larval or the asexual stge of the parasite

Back 59

Intermediate

Front 60

Example of intermediate

Back 60

Plasmodiun spp and Toxoplasma gondii- man

Echinococcus granulosus- man

Schistosoma spp - snails/ mollusk

Taenia solium - pigs

Taenia saginata - cows

Front 61

Fasciola hepatica

Back 61

1 Lymnea philippinensis

2 Ipomea obscura

Front 62

Echinostoma ilocanum

Back 62

1 Gyraulus convexiusculus

2 Pila luzonica

Front 63

Diphyllobothrium latum

Back 63

1 Cyclops species

2 Fresh water fish

Front 64

Type in which parasite can remain alive but no further development

Back 64

Capillaria philippinensis

Host: fish eating birds

Front 65

3 components of parasite's life cycle

Back 65

1 mode of transmission

2 infective stage

3 diagnostic stage

Front 66

Manner of how the parasite is transmitted

Back 66

Mode of transmission

Front 67

Acquired thru ingestion

Back 67

Entamoeba histolytica

Giardia lamblia

Paragonimus westermani

Front 68

Skin penetration

Back 68

Ancylostoma caninum

Necator americanus

Schistosoma japonicum

Front 69

Skin inoculation/ bite

Back 69

Wuchereria bancrofti

Plasmodium falciparum

Babesia microti

Front 70

Sexul contact

Back 70

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 71

Responsible for transmission of parasites from one host to another

Back 71

Vector

Front 72

Responsible for parasite transmission and at the same time tgat parasite undergo development in their body as well

Back 72

Biological vector/ true vector

Front 73

Examples of biological vector

Back 73

Mosquitoes- Furare tropheres

Sandfly- Leishmania spp

Tse tse flies- Trypnosoma gambiense

Ticks- Babesia microti

Front 74

Assist in the transfer of parasite but is not essential in the cycle of the parasite

Back 74

Mechanical vector

Front 75

Example of mechanical vector

Back 75

House fly mechanical vector for Entamoeba histolytica

Front 76

Transfer stage/ transmitted from one host to another

Back 76

Infective stage

Front 77

Stage retrieved from laboratory diagnostic procedures

Back 77

Diagnostic stage