Parasitology

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Symbiosis

Back 1

Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

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Predator-Prey

Back 2

Short term relationship in which one benefits and the other doesn't

Front 3

Phoresis

Back 3

Relationship in which the larger host carries the smaller host

e.g. M. autumnalis (face fly) carries M. bovis (bact.) between cattle

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Mutualism

Back 4

Relationship in which both organisms benefit

e.g. cecal ciliates in the rumen

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Commensalism

Back 5

Relationship in which one member neither benefits nor is harmed while the other is benefited

e.g. remora fish and shark

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Parasitism

Back 6

Association in which one member lives within another; implies metabolic dependency and may contribute to disease

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Parasitiasis

Back 7

An animal is infected but shows no outward clinical signs

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Parasitiosis

Back 8

The parasite produces outward clinical signs in the affected animal

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Endoparasite

Back 9

Parasite that lives within the host

e.g. Dirofilaria immitis

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Ectoparasite

Back 10

Parasite that lives outside the host

e.g. flea or Otodectes cynotis

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Erratic/aberrant parasite

Back 11

Found in unusual places (i.e. wandering in places not normally found)

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Incidental parasite

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Parasite in/on host other than normal host (i.e. in the wrong host)

e.g. Pulmonary dirofilariasis

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Facultative parasite

Back 13

Can exist as a free living organism or in parasitic relationship

e.g. Naegleria Spp.

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Obligatory parasite

Back 14

Must live in parasitic relationship (i.e. cannot live without host)

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Periodic parasite

Back 15

Short visits to host; usually transmits disease

e.g. female mosquito

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Pseudoparasite

Back 16

False parasite; appears suspicious but is harmless/reaping no benefit

e.g. pine pollen

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Life cycle

Back 17

Development of a parasite through life stages

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Definitive host

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Harbors the adult/mature stages of the parasitic life cycle

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Intermediate host

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Harbors the larval/asexual/immature life cycle stages

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First intermediate host

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First parasitized; premature stages

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Transport/paratenic host

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Host that carries the parasite in which the parasite in hypobiotic (undergoes no development); transport for the parasite

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Reservoir host

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Animal (or species) that is infected by a parasite, and whichserves as a source of infection for humans or another species

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Infection

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Parasitism by internal parasite

e.g. Diplydium caninun

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Infestation

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Parasitism by external parasite

e.g. Ixodes scapularis

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Homoxenous/monoxenous parasite

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Parasite that has only one type of host (i.e. has definitive host)

e.g. Eimeria tenella

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Heteroxenous parasite

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Parasite that requires two or more hosts (both definitive and intermediate)

e.g. Dirofilaria immitis

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Stenoxenous prasite

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Parasite that has a narrow host range (only infects very few animals and often one species)

e.g. Eimeria tenella and domestic chicken

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Eueyxenous parasite

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Parasite that infects a wide variety of hosts

e.g. Toxoplasma gondii

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Zoonosis

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Infectious agents transmitted from larger vertebrates to man

e.g. rabies