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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what year did the US introduce "time zones"?
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1883
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Which US president allowed many Americans to take advantage of cheap land which the railroads had controlled for many years?
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Grover Cleveland
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Which two major railroads ran through AZ in 1880s
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Atlantic & Pacific Railroad, Southern Pacific Railroad
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What was the name given to those towns located near the iron railways?
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Flourishing cities
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What was the name given to those towns which the iron railways bypassed?
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"Ghost towns"
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What city was the start of the Union Pacific railroad?
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Omaha, Nebraska
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Which group of immigrants was most responsible for building the Union Pacific?
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"Paddies"
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What scandal riddled the railroads when a construction company reaped a lot profits because of the overcharging of expenses?
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Credit Mobilier Scandal
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What major obstacle did the builders of the Central Pacific have to deal with?
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Sierra Nevada Mtns.
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At what famous point did the "wedding of the rails" take place?
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Promontory Point, Utah
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What type of spike was driven into the railroad at the famous "wedding of the rails"?
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A ceremonial (golden) spike
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What famous shipping mogul moved to building railroads in his sixties?
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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What famous university will the "Commodore" create?
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Vanderbilt University
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What major rail improvement will be made to the railroads in the 1870s-1890s?
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Steel rails, standard gauge of track
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What other refinements will also be made in the railroad system?
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Westinghouse air brake, Pullman Palace Cars
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Who will prosper the most with the switch from iron to steel railroad tracks?
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Carnegie
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How many major time zones are located in the Continental U.S.?
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4
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What was meant by the term "stock watering" in reference to cattle?
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Feeding cattle salt to make them thirsty, and then having them bloat before being weighed for sale
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What was the earliest form of combination in the railroad system?
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"Pool"- an agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits
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What agrarian movement tried to end the monopolies in the Midwestern states?
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Grange movement
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This SCOTUS trial stated that states had no power to regulate interstate commerce?
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Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company vs. Illinois
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What did the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887 force the railroads to publish?
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Publish their rates openly
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What is the ICA an important law in the 1880s?
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Laid down the laws of the railroad
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What area of the country will become the cornerstone of the vast steel empire because of its large red-rusted ore?
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Mesabi Range
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What invention will be introduced in 1876 which revolutionized communications? Who invented it?
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Telephone/ Alexander Graham Bell
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When Andrew Carnegie pioneered the creative tactic of combining into one organization all of the phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing, he created what type of integration?
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Vertical integration
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What type of integration did John D. Rockefeller have? Describe it.
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Horizontal integration/ Allying with competitors to monopolize a given market
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What business did John D. Rockefeller own?
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Standard Oil Company
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What famous muckraking journalist will help to break up Rockefeller's monopoly?
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Ida Tarbell
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This process blew cold air into red-hot iron causing the metal to become white-hot by igniting the carbon and thus eliminating impurities? It allowed for the making of cheap steel?
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Bessemer Process
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Who is famous for saying, " The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced." What article will be written by this man on the philosophy of wealth?
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Andrew Carnegie/
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This man will be famous for putting together large financial deals in the late-1890s and early 1900s?
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J.P. Morgan
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How much did the financier pay Andrew Carnegie for his business?
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$400 million
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How much of that amount was Carnegie able to give away to public libraries, pensions for professors and other philanthropic purposes?
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$350 million
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What invention will cause the "black gold" discovery really pay off in the early 1900s? What is "black gold"?
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Automobile/ oil
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Where was the first oil well drilled in the US (Drake's Folly)? What will be the first oil well drilled in Texas?
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Pennsylvania/ Melrose
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What will be the first use of the newly found "black gold"?
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Kerosene
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After this man's invention of the incandescent light bulb, the kerosene lamps started to be replaced with the light bulb?
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Thomas Edison
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What percentage of oil refineries did Rockefeller control by 1877?
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95%
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What was meant by John D. Rockefeller's son's statement, "only by sacrificing the early buds that grew up around it," when describing Standard Oil's success?
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Destroying competition without care
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Carnegie, Rockefeller, Gould, and Morgan all were called this by the cartoonists of the day and most of the people?
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Robber Barons
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What did this book say about those gifted with riches?
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God-given, "Gospel of the wealth"
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What did most defenders of wide-open capitalism rely upon to explain their success?
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Survival of the fittest
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How did the courts help support monopolies?
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Loophole in the 4th amendment
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This act will be put into place to try and stop unfair combinations in 1890?
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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What was the problem with the act?
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No teeth
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What boost did southern agricultural farmers receive in the 1880s?
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Machine-made cigarettes
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What famous boomtown city will be created in southern Arizona because of silver and gold discoveries?
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...
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These girls were the new standard of female fashion as the twentieth century opened?
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Gibson girls
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Name strategies that were used to break and stop strikes in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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Scabs, buy the local press, put pressure on politicians
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What was a yellow-dog contract?
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Agreements not to join labor unions
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What will beocme the 1st national labor union in 1866?
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Nation Labor Union
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This labor union's slogan was "An injury to one is the concern for all."
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Knights of Labor
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What labor disturbance will lead to great mistrust of labor unions?
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Hay Market Square
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Why did most of the labor unions fail to gain support in the late 1800s?
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Only embraced by a small minority
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What kind of worker did the American Federation of Labor try and protect?
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Skilled workers
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This act by the US will prevent Chinese immigration to the US from 1882 tot he early 1900s?
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Who was the founder of the AFL?
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Samuel Gompers
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Why was the AFL more successful than the Knights of Labor?
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Strong speaker & leadership and was only a federation
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What legal holiday will be created in 1894 celebrating the worker?
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Labor Day
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What 1st billion dollar company will be formed when Carnegie sold his company to J.P. Morgan?
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US Steel Company
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Place the following in chronological order: Interstate Commerce Act, National Labor Union, Transcontinental railroad finished, Edison invents the electric light, Bell invents the telephone, Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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National Labor Union, Transcontinental railroad finished, Bell invents the telephone, Edison invents the electric light, Interstate Commerce Act, Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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