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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Breast milk is a dynamic substance- it's composition is determined by? |
1. Age of gestation at production 2. Stage of breast feeding |
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Breast milk is a dynamic substance - determined by ? Hence there are? |
Determined by? 1. Age of gestation at production 2. Stage of breast feeding Hence, there are - 1. Preterm milk 2. Colostrum 3. Mature milk - fore milk, hind milk |
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Breast milk is made up of |
1. Water - 87.3% 2. CHO - 7.1% 3. Fats - 4.5% 4. Protein - 0.9% 5. Minerals - 0.2% |
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Iron in breast milk is available in which form? So? |
Available in ferrous form, therefore, unavailable for bacteria utilization |
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Fore milk Vs hind milk |
Fore milk - more watery, light in color Hind milk - more yellowish, thicker, contains more fat |
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What is the innocenti declaration? |
Florence Italy, in 1990 world health assembly is a strategy to strengthen infants and young children' feeding by supporting effective breastfeeding. Protection, Promotion and support of breast feeding |
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BHFI |
Baby friendly hospital initiative Initiated in 1992 0 by the effort of WHO and UNICEF. in response to the 2nd step of the innocenti declaration |
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Breast milk is specie specific to ? |
Breast milk is specie specific to physiological, metabolic and emotional needs of the species. |
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Mammary gland development starts in-utero at ? |
18th to 19th week with the formation of breast buds. |
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Casein: whey ratio is ......... for digestion. Does not form ? |
Casein: whey ratio is Optimal for digestion Does not from cuds. |
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Discuss the property of breast milk |
1. Anti infective properties 2. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti Allergic factors 3. Brain development:- - Cysteine -Taurine 4. Metabolic Enzymes 5. Growth factors 6. Hormones |
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1. Ganglioside - does what? 2. Polysaccharides ? 3. Against Gardia lamblia? 4. Alkaline phosphatase |
1. protects against endotoxin induced diarrhoea. 2. inhibits bacterial binding to mucosal surfaces. 3. Anti protozoa factor 4. Alkaline phosphetase - enhances zinc and magnesium absorption
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Discuss benefits of breast feeding |
Benefits of Breast Feeding Are Numerous – classified according to benefits to the - Baby - mother - Family and Community |
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Benefits of breast feeding 1. Baby |
1. nutrient in right amounts for proper growth and development 2. Antibodies protects against infections 3. Allergy reduction and D.M reduction 4. Promotes bonding i.e infant to mother 5. Reduce infant mortality (Death) 6. 1st Immunization – Colostrum 7. Fully and easily digestable food 8. Stored at right temperature 9. Mild laxative – Protects against Severe NNJ. 10. Faster milestone achievements 11. More intelligent babies 12. Lower skin infections with good hair |
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Benefits of breast feeding Mother |
1. Child spacing (lactational ammenorhoea) 2. risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer 3. Increased bone strength and prevents osteoporosis 4. Helps weight reduction 5. Faster involution of uterus 6. Decreased incidence of post-partum haemorrhage 7. Saves time 8. Personal satisfaction |
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Benefits of breast feeding To the family and community |
1. Saves cost 2. Preserves the environment, No litter from cans and other wastes 3. Improves family and human relationship 4. Secure way of feeding – incidence of undernutrition in infancy. |
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Sources of Support: |
1. Family 2. Friends 3. Health institutions 4. Health Workers 5. Community 6. Support bodies and agencies e.g WHO, UNICEF. Etc. |
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Aim, benefits |
Aim: To exclusively breastfeed infants for the 1st six months and continue to breastfeed for 2 years or more. Benefit: *Improved nutritional status of infant, *Proper growth and development of infant. *Improved survival of infants and young children. *Good nutritional status of mothers. |
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1. What is the innocenti declaration? What year? 2. Target of the innocenti declaration |
1. Innocenti Declaration (Florence Italy) in 1990 world health Assembly is a strategy to strengthen infants and young children’s feeding by supporting effective breastfeeding ... 2. Four target of Innocenti declaration in 1990 for protection, promotion and support of breast feeding i. Appointment of a national breastfeeding co- ordinator of appropriate authority, and establishment of a multisectorial national breastfeeding committee. ii . Ten steps to successful breastfeeding (BFHI) practised in all maternity facilities.. iii. Global implementation of the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes and subsequent relevant world health assembly resolution in their entirety. iv. Enactment of imaginative legistration, protecting the breastfeeding rights of working mothers and establishment of means of enforcement of maternity protection. |
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Baby friendly Hospital initiative 1. Is? 2 what year ? By? |
1. It is in response to the 2nd step of the Innocenti declaration.Every maternity providing facility should observe the ten steps to successful breastfeeding . 2. initiated in 1992 ,v by the effort of WHO and UNICEF. |
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State the ten steps to successful breastfeeding |
(1)Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated to all healthcare staff (2)Train healthcare staff in skills necessary to implement this policy (3) Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding. (4) Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within half hour of birth or within six hours of delivery for babies born by caesarean section. (5) Show mothers how to breastfeed and maintain lactation even if they should be separated from their infants. (6) Give newborn infants no other food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated. (7) Practice rooming – in, that is allow mothers and infants to remain together 24hours in a day. (8) Encourage breastfeeding on demand. (9) Give no artificial teats or pacifiers (Dommies or soothers) to breastfeeding infants. (10) Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or clinic |
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State the ten steps to successful breastfeeding |
(1)Have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated to all healthcare staff (2)Train healthcare staff in skills necessary to implement this policy (3) Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding. (4) Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within half hour of birth or within six hours of delivery for babies born by caesarean section. (5) Show mothers how to breastfeed and maintain lactation even if they should be separated from their infants. (6) Give newborn infants no other food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated. (7) Practice rooming – in, that is allow mothers and infants to remain together 24hours in a day. (8) Encourage breastfeeding on demand. (9) Give no artificial teats or pacifiers (Dommies or soothers) to breastfeeding infants. (10) Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer mothers to them on discharge from the hospital or clinic |
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Factors that Aid Breastfeeding |
1. Practice Feed on demand 2. Mothers should be comfortable - Avoid back pains - Avoid bending down - Sit upright or lying down 3. Wear practical clothing 4. Proper Positioning - Skin contact. - Head aligned to the breast - Mouth in front of the nipple -Babies lips on the areola 5.Latch on (Attachment) - Nipple and areola inside the babies mouth. - After feeding , put a finger in between the gum and remove the mouth from the breast. 6. Allow the baby to feed at his or her own pace in comfort – No Hurry 7. Avoid rushing through a feed. Feeding time is relaxation time Expression of breast milk - Manually by fingers at areola. Use of breast pump. |
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A. Expression of breast milk B. Storage of milk |
A. 1. Manually by fingers at areola 2. Use of breast pump. B. Storage- 1. 6-8 hours in room temperature in a water tank. 2. 24-48hrs in a refrigerator with constant power supply. 3. Up to 6 months frozen in the freezer |
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Storage of breast milk |
Storage- 1. 6-8 hours in room temperature in a water tank. 2. 24-48hrs in a refrigerator with constant power supply. 3. Up to 6 months frozen in the freezer |
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Breastfeeding difficulties? Causes? |
Breastfeeding Difficulties Causes: *Physiological , Anatomical e.g. large nipple *Improper technique. |
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Breast feeding difficulties Mother? Babies? |
A. Mothers 1. Nipple soreness and fissures 2. Breast Engorgement 3. Blocked duct 4. Mastitis 5. Breast Abscess 6. Not enough milk 7. Mothers illness B. Babies 1. Neonatal Jaundice 2. Preterm infants 3. Cleft lip and or palate 4. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) 5. Multiple births 6. Adopted/ motherless babies. 7. Breastmilk jaundice 8.Drugs and breastfeeding 9. |
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Contraindications to Breastfeeding |
1. Maternal illnesses like cancer of the cervix breast and ovary especially if on cytotoxic drugs. 2. Maternal wish despite adequate counselling. |
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Hospital practices that help mothers to breastfeed |
1. Less traumatic delivery 2. Less surgical interventions e.g episiotomy 3. No separation from baby 4. Early initiation of breastfeeding 5. Kindness to the mothers. NB: No use of lactogogues, herbs by the mothers or uvulectomy of infants. |
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Nipples soreness/fissures 1. Causes 2. Treatment |
A. - poor attachment - washing nipple with soap or alcohol - Pulling baby of the nipple - Candida infection B. TX *Air dry *Apply fresh breast milk on nipple *Analgesics *Treat Candida infections |
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Breast Engorgement: Causes? Treatment? |
Causes - *Incomplete breast erupting Treatment *Frequent suckling *Manual expression |
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Blocked duct: what is it? Causes? |
1. Patchy areas of breast lumpy, tenderness and redness. 2. Causes: *Incomplete emptying *Tight bras and clothing 3. Tx: *Warm compresses *Frequent feeding *Manual removal (expression). |
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Mastitis? What is it? Causes? Treatment? |
1. Infection of the breast + fever. 2. Cause: Usually due to staph or Strept. Infection. 3. Analgesics , Antibiotics – Appropriate |
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Breast feeding difficulties Mother? Babies? |
A. Mothers 1. Nipple soreness and fissures 2. Breast Engorgement 3. Blocked duct 4. Mastitis 5. Breast Abscess 6. Not enough milk 7. Mothers illness B. Babies 1. Neonatal Jaundice 2. Preterm infants 3. Cleft lip and or palate 4. Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) 5. Multiple births 6. Adopted/ motherless babies. 7. Breastmilk jaundice 8.Drugs and breastfeeding 9. |
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Breast Abscess: what is it? Causes? Treatment? |
1. infection + pus 2. Causes: same as mastitis . 3. Tx - I&D -Antibiotics -Analgesics -Rest the breast for 2-3days but continue expression to avoid congestion. |
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Not enough milk Causes? Treatment? |
Causes: * Poor positioning/ attachment *Uncomfortable women. Treatment *Good positioning/ attachment *Make mother comfortable. *May need breastfeeding expert for counselling. |
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Lactogenesis is believed to to start? |
During pregnancy |
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......... Makes the breast produce milk |
Baby's suckling |
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Colostrum is richer than mature milk in some vitamins esp..... and why? |
Vitamin A, which helps to reduce the severity of any infection that the baby may have |
