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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The weight of the amount of water an object displaces is equal to the upward force on the object. What is this a definition of? |
Bouyancy
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An object that displaces more water than it weighs ____(blank). This is an example of ____(blank) bouyancy
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floats, positive
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What three things do you use to control bouyancy
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lung volume, Bouyancy Control Device (BCD), and lead weights
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Why don't you normally feel pressure?
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Your body is made up mostly (70%) of liquid so you only feel pressure in air spaces. Those are equalized with the surrounding pressure so you don't feel any difference.
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At 10m/33ft the pressure is ___ (blank), the volume is ___ (blank), and the density is ____ (blank).
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2 bar, half, double
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What are the three ways to equalize your ears?
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Hold your nose, and breathe against it. Wiggle your jaw from side to side and swallow. Combine the two.
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Your ___ (blank) must be inside the mask to ____ (blank)
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nose, equalize
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Most important rule in scuba is....
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Never hold your breath
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You use air faster or slower as you descend?
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faster
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How should you breathe when scuba diving?
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slowly and deeply
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What are the two most important criteria when purchasing diving gear
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fit and comfort
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What do you need to do to all equipment after a dive?
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rinse it with fresh water
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How many stages do regulators decrease the pressure from the cylinder? |
two
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What is the regulator's most important feature?
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Ease of breathing
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What does SPG stand for and what does it tell you?
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Submersible pressure gauge, it tells you how much air you have left.
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Three reasons you dive with a buddy are what?
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safety, practicality, and fun
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Why is bouyancy control on the surface important?
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It allows you to float easily and save energy without treading water!
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The same object is more bouyant in ___ (blank) than in ___ (blank).
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saltwater, freshwater
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What is the definition of "squeeze"?
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A condition that causes pain and discomfort when the pressure inside an air cavity in your body is less than the pressure outside an air cavity.
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How often should you equalize?
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Every meter or few feet and before you feel any discomfort.
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What is a reverse block?
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A condition that occurs when expanding air cannot escape from a bdy air space during ascent, causing pain and discomfort.
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How do you deal with a reverse block?
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Stop ascent, descend a few feet and give the gas a chance to escape.
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What is the best way to prevent moisture in a cylinder?
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Never bleed all of the air out of a cylinder... always leave some air.
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In a wet suit you use the neoprine layer to insulate you, but in a dry suit it uses ___ (blank) and a layer of material to insulate you.
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air
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Why should you avoid a really tight hood?
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It can constrict blood flow in the neck, which can cause light-headedness, and, if you keep it on, fainting and unconsciousness
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Why should you wear gloves?
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avoid cuts, scrapes and string (protection), and warmth.
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What is the most important feature in a weight system? |
A quick release
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Where should your alternate air source be located?
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In the triangle from your chin to the corners of your rib cages
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What are the three features of a good dive knife?
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smooth edge, serrated edge, and a sheath
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What are the 5 things your dive instruments can tell you? |
depth, direction, temperature, time and air supply
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Underwater objects appear ___ (blank). This makes them seem ____ (blank) and/or ___ (blank).
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magnified, larger, closer
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Sound travels how must faster in water? This make it hard to determine the origin of it underwater.
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four times
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Water conduct heat ___ (blank) than air.
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faster
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What do you do when you start shivering continuously underwater?
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End the dive, dry off and seek warmth.
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What can you do to compensate for the increased resistance of water while swimming?
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Streamline your body, avoid rapid and jerky movement, move slowly and steadily, pace yourself
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What four things can you do to prevent overexertion?
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Know your physical limits, pace yourself, move slowly and steadily, avoid prolonged evertion.
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What should you do if you feel overexertion underwater?
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stop all activity, breathe deeply, and rest.
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What should you do if you feel overexertion at the surface?
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Establish positive bouyancy, and stop moving. Rest and catch your breath.
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What are three techniques for airway control?
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Use your tongue as a splash guard by placing the tip on the roof of your mouth, inhale slowly, and inhale cautiously.
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What is a dive knife intended to do? What is it not intended to do?
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Intended to meaure, pry, dig, cut, and pound. Not intended as a weapon.
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How do you check for proper weighting?
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While holding a normal breath, deflate the BCD. You should be at eye level with the water.
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What are the five steps of the predive safety check.
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Begin With Review And Friend. BCD check, Weight check, Releases, Air, Final Okay.
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What 6 factors affect the dive conditions?
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Temperature, visibility, water movement, bottom composition, aquatic life, and sunlight
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What is a thermocline?
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An abrupt transition to colder water
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What temperature should you plan your dive around?
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The temperature at the depth you plan to dive.
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True or False? When possible use a visual reference when ascending or descending. |
TRUE
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When diving with a current present you should head into or away from the current during the dive?
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Into the current so you can use it when coming back at the end of the dive.
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What should you do if you get caught in a current?
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Don't fight it. Swim across the current, or establish positive bouyancy and signal for assistance
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How do you avoid contact with the bottom?
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Maintain nuetral bouyancy
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Most aquatic life injuries during a dive are a result of what?
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Carelessness. Watch where you put your feet, hands, and knees.
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What do you do if caught in a rip current?
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Swim parallel to the shore until you're out of the current
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Nautical terms. Front of the boat is the ___ (blank).
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bow
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What is the back of the boat called?
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stern
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What is the left side of the boat called?
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port
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What is the right side of the boat called?
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starboard
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Windward means what?
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Direction the wind is blowing from.
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What is the term for the opposite of windward?
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leeward
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Where do most problems occur during a dive? |
The surface
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How do you prevent most problems associated with diving?
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Staying relaxed and diving within your limits.
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What do you do if you have trouble at the surface?
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Establish positive bouyancy and call for help if needed.
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What are three things a panicked diver tends to do?
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Spit out the regulator, pull off the mask, and not remember to establish positive bouyancy.
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What four things should you do when assisting another diver?
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Establish bouyancy control for both, calm the diver, help the diver establish breathing control, and if necessary help the diver back to the boat.
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What should you watch to make sure you don't run out of air?
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Your SPG (Submersible Pressure Gauge)
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What is your best option when you are out of air?
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Alternate Air Source. Requires a buddy to be near.
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How do you breathe from a free flowing regulator?
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Do not seal your lips on the regulator! Put your mouth over half the regulator to be able to use the air you need when you need it and still be able to exhale properly.
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What do you do with an unresponsive diver?
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Bring them immediately to the surface, check for breathing and pulse, begin rescue breathing and/or CPR as necessary.
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When should you ask for help?
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Whenever you need it!
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What factors effect visibility underwater?
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weather, water movement, suspended particles, and bottom composition
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Are there any problems with diving in very clear water? What are they and how do you combat them, if any.
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You can lose your sense of direction/location. Use an accurate depth gauge and refer to it frequently. Use a line for ascents and descents.
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What should you do if you see an aggresive animal underwater?
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Stay calm and still, watch the animal, and wait for it to leave. If it does not leave, swim slowly away along the bottom while keeping an eye on the animal.
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True or False? When you dive in a new area you should always try to obtain a proper orientation.
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TRUE
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How is a rip current recognized?
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Turbid, foamy water moving seaward.
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When do you use a bouyant emergancy ascent?
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When a buddy is too far away and you're deeper than 9 meters/30 feet.
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What should you do if you become entangled?
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Stop, think, and then work slowly and calmly to free yourself.
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Why should you use a dive float to support your flag?
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Resting and to carry accessories.
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Is there a special flag that needs to be used when boats are in the area? |
Yes
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Where should you place a full collector bag when diving?
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NOT on your gear! Carry it in one hand in case you need to ditch it and so it doesn't get tangled.
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Why would you use a light during daylight dives?
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To restore color
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What three subtances must you avoid before diving?
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Alcohol, tobacco, and drugs
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How often should you have a physical?
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Every two years
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What two immunizations should you keep up when diving?
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Tetanus and typhoid
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What percantage is air of oxygen and nitrogen?
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79 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen
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What are the five main symptoms of contaminated air?
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headaches, nausea, dizziness, unconciousness, and cherry red lips/nail beds.
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What should NOT be filled in your cylinder?
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Pure oxygen or enruched air (unless you have training for it)
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How do you avoid nitrogen narcosis? |
Avoid deep dives
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What is the cause of decompression sickness?
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Caused by excess nitrogen forming bubbles in the body after a dive.
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What is the difference between decompression sickness and decompression illness?
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Decompression illness refers to either decompression sickness and/or lung over expansion injuries
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What are signs and symptoms of DCS?
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limb and join pain, tingling, numbness, paralysis, shock, weakness, dizziness, difficulty breathing, unconcsiousness, and death.
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True or False? Besides emergency oxygen and rescue breathing and CPR if necessary, someone with DCI may require a recompression chamber.
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False, it is ALWAYS necessary
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What are the depth limits for a novice diver?
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60 ft/ 18m
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What is the absolute depth limit for a diver?
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40 meters/ 130 ft
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True or False? Using a dive table or dive computer will gaurantee you'll never get DCS.
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False, everyone is different and they are based on the average person. Dive well within the limits.
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True or False? Dive computers are more valid than dive tables.
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FALSE
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What type of dives do recreational divers make?
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NSD (No stop dives) or no decompression dives
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What is the dive table that is the first one developed and tested exclusively for recreational diving?
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RDP (Recreational Dive Planner)
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Why does a dive computer or eRDPml offer more no decompression dive time when making multilevel dives? |
It constantly takes into account time and depth whereas the dive table uses only one depth and time for a single dive.
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What is the NDL?
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No decompression limit. The maximum allowable no-stop dive time for a given depth.
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What is bottom time?
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Total time in minutes from beginning of descent until the beginning of the final ascent.
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What is the minimum depth a dive should be calculated to, even if it is less than that depth?
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10 meters/ 35 feet
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What is residual nitrogen?
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The nitrogen left in your body after a dive
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What is a dive made before you lose all the residual nitrogen in your body? |
Repetitive dive
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What is the SAFE acronym?
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Slowly Ascend From Every Dive
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Detailed log books can be requested when?
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For additional diver training and when diving at resorts or off boats.
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How do you prevent contaminated air problems?
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Have your tank filled only with pure, dry, filtered compressed air from a reputable dealer
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What are some symptom of nitrogen narcosis?
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Impaired coordination, foolish behavior
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What should you do if you feel the effects of nitrogen narcosis?
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Ascend to a lower depth.
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What is the maximum safe rate to ascend?
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18 meters/60 feet per minute
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When should you make safety stops?
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All dives unless there is an emergency requiring otherwise.
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What is a safety stop?
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A 3 minute stop at 15 feet.
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When is a safety stop mandatory?
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Adiver deeper than 100 feet, if you reach a dive limit, or if you are within three groups of the diver limit on any repetitive dive.
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At what altitude do you need to follow special procedures? |
1000 feet/300 meters
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For cold/strenuous dives what depth should you plan for?
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You should add 4 meters/10 feet to the actual depth you plan on diving when using the tables.
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For a single dive what is the minimum recommended wait before flying?
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12 hours
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What is the recommended wait time before flying for repetitive dives?
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18 hours
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Any dive requiring a dive stop should also allow for how much time before flying?
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18 hours
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How should you plan repetitive dives with respect to depth? |
Deepest first, then work your way up.
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What are the four main parts of the compass?
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Lubber line (points where you're going), compass needle (points north), index marks/bevel (moveable marks that you can place around the needle), and heading reference (numbers in degrees to record your heading)
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If you accidently exceed the NDL by less than 5 minutes how long should your safety stop be and how long should you wait before the next dive? At what depth should it be made?
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8 minutes, 6 hours, 15 feet/5 meters
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What happens if you exceed the NDL by more than 5 minutes? |
Safety stop for at least 15 minutes at 15 feet/5 meters and wait at least 24 hours before the next dive.
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What is the purpose of the PADI education system?
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To provide you with the means to 1) meet new dive people, 2) go diving in new places, and 3) do things underwater.
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When should you consider taking a review course? |
After not diving for several months.
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