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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Containment
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Oldest packaging function
Product’s physical form viscous, free-flowing liquid, solid etc.. Product’s nature (characteristics) perishable, shape, under pressure etc... |
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Protect
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protect product from elements (water, oxygen, light, bacteria, , etc…)
shock and vibration protect consumer from the contents (corrosive or dangerous products which involve child resistant packages) protect against tampering (tamper evident or resistant but never tamper proof) |
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Inform/Sell
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Information required by law
contents nutritional label warnings shipping information Motivational Information (not req’d by law) type of material shape and size color typography symbols or icons illustrations or photographic images games recipes Know the term “trade dress” includes shape, color and print covered under trademark law examples: Coca Cola, Disney characters, sports teams, university logos etc… |
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Provide Convenience or Utility of Use
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for the consumer
easy opening/resealing squeezable microwavable unit dose for the retailer size orientation for shelf display point of purchase displays for the shipper/distributor hand holds fork truck cut outs reuseable totes |
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Primary Packaging
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Package directly in contact with the product.
Example: Cereal bag inside a box |
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Secondary Packaging
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Package holding one or more primary package(s)
Example: Box holding bagged cereal |
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Tertiary
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Shipping or Distribution Package
Example: Corrugated box used to ship a number of cereal boxes. |
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Quarternary
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Unit Load
Example: Stretch wrapped pallet load of corrugated shipping containers. |
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Levels of Packaging
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Primary
Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Many products do not require all four levels of packaging. Example: Corrugated container holding a refrigerator can be a primary and tertiary at the same time. Example: Deodorant sticks have primary package, no secondary but has tertiary and quaternary. |
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Nicholas Appert
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Canning Process
1809 |
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Categories of Materials
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Paper and Paperboard (Wood Products)
Metals (Steel and Aluminum) Glass Plastics (Petrochemicals) |
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Wood
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Raw Material - Wood
Applications for Wood in Packaging - barrels - crates - nailed or wirebound boxes - pallets and skids Wood contains - 50% cellulose - 30% lignin - 20% carbohydrate Cellulose - structure for paper/paperboard Lignin -produces browning in paper |
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What “plastic” comes from wood?
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Cellophane
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Paper
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Paper (matted sheet of plant fibers)
0.012” thick or less Paperboard greater than 0.012” thick thickness is referred to as “points” 0.001” = 1 point (example: 0.014” = 14 point paperboard) |
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Making Pulp
Mechanical |
Least expensive for 2 Reasons
a. Doesn’t use chemicals b. Uses all of the wood Low brightness and strength (short fibers) Usually combined with other pulps |
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Making Pulp
Chemical |
a. Alkali sulfate (Kraft) E Most widely used
b. Acid sulfite Higher quality than Mechanical pulp (longer fibers) |
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Making Pulp
Semi-Chemical |
Partially digested with chemicals
Grind in disc refiner Not used much except for: Corrugated media |
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Paper Making
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Start with Pulp - fibers suspended in water; also known as “furnish”
General Procedure for Both Processes - Screen - Squeeze - Dry Calendering Paper run through stack of rollers Increases density and smoothness Important for strength and print quality |
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Two Major Types of Paper Making Machines
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Fourdrinier - for paper or paperboard
Cylinder - for paperboard only |
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Paper/Paperboard Specifications
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Basis Weight - lbs./sq. ft.
Paper: lbs./3000 sq. ft. Paperboard: lbs./1000 sq. ft. Thickness (Caliper) - Measured and expressed in inches for paper. - Measured in inches but expressed as points for paperboard. |
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Advantages to Wood/Paper and Paperboard
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Renewable
Recyclable Inexpensive Easily printed upon |
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Disadvantages to Wood/Paper and Paperboard
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Porous to moisture and oxygen
Loses strength when wet Combustible |
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Packaging Functions
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Contain
Protect/Preserve Inform/Sell Provide Convenience or Utility of Use |
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Paperboard
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Bending Grade Board (must contain enough high quality fiber to allow scoring and folding) - used for folding cartons
Types of Board - clay coated newsback (white-lined with back and filler plies made from recylcled newsprint) - solid bleached sulfate (strong paperboard made from 100% bleached sulfate pulp) Uses - cereal boxes, cake mix boxes, etc. |
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Paperboard
Three Basic Design Styles |
Three Basic Design Styles
- tube (Straight tuck, Reverse tuck, Seal end) - tray (Beers, Brightwood, Walker) - hybrid (Milk carton, Ice cream) Layout - CAD - die board (rotary or flat) - coordinate with graphics electronically |
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Solid Fiberboard
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Several plies of paperboard laminated together
Uses (Distribution Packaging) - shipping containers - dividers - corner supports |
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Corrugated Paperboard
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Basic construction
- Corrugated medium (flutes) A, B, C, E and F flutes - Linerboard Comes in different basis weights Specified with burst or edge crush tests - Single face, single wall, double wall and triple wall |
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Corrugated Paperboard
Design |
- CAD - Specifications of Freight Truck and Railroad Associations - Product Requirements
- Shipping/Storage/Handling Conditions - Must account for scoring allowances - Flutes should be oriented parallel to depth dimension for best stacking strength |
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Corrugated Paperboard
Uses |
A, B, C, double and triple wall
- Shipping boxes - Point of Purchase Displays E and F flutes - retail boxes for small appliances or bulky items - fast food packaging |
