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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is radioactivity given out from?
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Radioactivity is given out by the nucleus of a radioactive atom to make it more stable.
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How is radioactivity measured?
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Radioactivity can be measured by a Geiger-Muller tube
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How is activity measured?
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Activity is measured in Bequerels (Bq)
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What happens to radioactivity over time?
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Radioactivity decreases over time.
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What is half- life?
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The half-life is the time taken for the activity to halve.
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What is an alpha particle?
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An alpha particle is a helium nucleus
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How many protons and neutrons in an alpha particle?
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2 protons and 2 neutrons.
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What charge does an alpha particle have?
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It has a charge of +2.
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What is a beta particle and what is its charge?
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A beta particle a high-speed electron, which is very small with a charge of -1.
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What happens to a neutron during beta decay?
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In beta decay, a neutron changes into a proton and an electron.
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What is gamma radiation?
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Gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave.
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Define : Ionising
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Ionising means the ability to remove electrons from other atoms to create ions.
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What is mass number equal to?
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Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
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What is the atomic number?
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Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom (charge).
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What are conserved in nuclear equations?
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In nuclear equations, the charge and mass are always conserved.
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Explain why alpha particles are such good ionisers.
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Alpha particles are particularly good ionisers. They have a much larger mass, and a greater charge, than beta particles.
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Describe what happens to a nucleus during alpha decay
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Two protons and two neutrons are lost from a nucleus when it emits an alpha particle:
-The atomic mass number decreases by 4 -The atomic number decreases by 2 |
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Describe what happens to a nucleus during beta decay
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The proton stays in the nucleus. The electron leaves the atom with high energy as a beta particle.
The nucleus has one more proton and one less neutron when it emits a beta particle: -The atomic mass number stays the same -The atomic number increases by one |