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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Where is radioactivity given out from?
Radioactivity is given out by the nucleus of a radioactive atom to make it more stable.
How is radioactivity measured?
Radioactivity can be measured by a Geiger-Muller tube
How is activity measured?
Activity is measured in Bequerels (Bq)
What happens to radioactivity over time?
Radioactivity decreases over time.
What is half- life?
The half-life is the time taken for the activity to halve.
What is an alpha particle?
An alpha particle is a helium nucleus
How many protons and neutrons in an alpha particle?
2 protons and 2 neutrons.
What charge does an alpha particle have?
It has a charge of +2.
What is a beta particle and what is its charge?
A beta particle a high-speed electron, which is very small with a charge of -1.
What happens to a neutron during beta decay?
In beta decay, a neutron changes into a proton and an electron.
What is gamma radiation?
Gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave.
Define : Ionising
Ionising means the ability to remove electrons from other atoms to create ions.
What is mass number equal to?
Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What is the atomic number?
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom (charge).
What are conserved in nuclear equations?
In nuclear equations, the charge and mass are always conserved.
Explain why alpha particles are such good ionisers.
Alpha particles are particularly good ionisers. They have a much larger mass, and a greater charge, than beta particles.
Describe what happens to a nucleus during alpha decay
Two protons and two neutrons are lost from a nucleus when it emits an alpha particle:
-The atomic mass number decreases by 4
-The atomic number decreases by 2
Describe what happens to a nucleus during beta decay
The proton stays in the nucleus. The electron leaves the atom with high energy as a beta particle.

The nucleus has one more proton and one less neutron when it emits a beta particle:
-The atomic mass number stays the same
-The atomic number increases by one