P. 51 First 15 Ap Psych

Front 1

hindsight bias

Back 1

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (also known as the i knew it all along phenomenon)

Front 2

critical thinking

Back 2

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

Front 3

theory

Back 3

an explenation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.

Front 4

hypothesis

Back 4

a testable prediction, often implied bu a theory.

Front 5

operational definition

Back 5

a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define resarch variables.

Front 6

replication

Back 6

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.

Front 7

case study

Back 7

an onbservation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

Front 8

survey

Back 8

a technique for ascerting the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

Front 9

false consensus effect

Back 9

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

Front 10

population

Back 10

all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study.

Front 11

random sample

Back 11

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Front 12

naturalistic observation

Back 12

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.

Front 13

corelation

Back 13

a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

Front 14

scatterplot

Back 14

a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. the slope of the points seggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. the amountof scatter suggests the strength of the correlation.

Front 15

illusory correlation

Back 15

the perception of a relationship where none exists.