Ouhsc Research Methods Test 2 (In Progress, Not All Sections Included)

Front 1

When starting research start by

Back 1

identifying a broad problem area

Front 2

Modified Replication

Back 2

-examining a new population or using an improved measurement technique

Front 3

Should a researcher be surprised to find conflicting results in the research literature on a given topic?

Back 3

NO, there are many topics on which the results of published research are conflicting

Front 4

Students would be wise to try to find a new research idea not derived from literature to explore in their first project?

Back 4

N/A

Front 5

In journal articles, the literature is usually integrated into which part of the article?

Back 5

Introduction

Front 6

How can a researcher use a review of literature to help justify a study the researcher has undertaken?

Back 6

If the literature is used to establish the importance of a research topic and to show how the research being reported flows from previously published research

Front 7

Which database is free of charge to any user?

Back 7

ERIC

Front 8

First step in searching a database?

Back 8

Examine its thesaurus

Front 9

In ERIC, what is a "Scope Note"

Back 9

brief definition of a word

Front 10

The terms found in the ERIC Thesaurus are known as what?

Back 10

descriptors

Front 11

Which will yield a larger number of references?

Back 11

a search using "OR"

Front 12

If a researcher wanted to search for journal articles on Term A but wanted to exclude articles that also include Term B which logical operator should the researcher use?

Back 12

"NOT"

Front 13

Which of the following will yield a smaller number of references?

Back 13

N/A

Front 14

First way that a writer might begin a literature review

Back 14

identify a broad problem area and indicate why it is important

Front 15

Second way that a writer might begin a literature review

Back 15

start with a conceptual definition of a key variable

Front 16

Statistics can be cited to establish what?

Back 16

the importance of a topic ( how many individuals are affected by a particular problem, or size of population of interest)

Front 17

What should be provided in order to guide readers through a long literature review?

Back 17

provide major and minor subheadings

Front 18

Instead of writing a series of abstracts, what should a writer do?

Back 18

group references together when they have something in common.

Front 19

Novice writers often make what two mistakes?

Back 19

1. They often take the results of each study to be "facts" that have been proven
2. They often discuss all studies as though they were equal in quality when some studies are methodologically superior to others

Front 20

" More often than not, researchers work with samples that are less than ideal" T or F

Back 20

True

Front 21

"It is safe to assume that flawed measures are rare in research" T or F

Back 21

False "It is safe to presume that all measures are flawed to some extent"

Front 22

Do researchers often discuss the limitations of their own studies?

Back 22

Yes

Front 23

When a writer presents a finding or statement from the literature without qualification, readers are likely to assume what?

Back 23

That the writer believes that the underlying methodology and logic are reasonably sound.

Front 24

An effective literature review should consist solely of a set of critical summaries of individual studes. T or F

Back 24

False

Front 25

A key to creating a synthesis is to write a review that moves from subtopic to subtopic. T or F

Back 25

True

Front 26

Is it desirable to point out major trends and commonalities in the results of previous research?

Back 26

Yes

Front 27

Is it desirable to point out gaps in the literature?

Back 27

Yes

Front 28

Should the methodology employed in each of the studies cited in a review be described in detail?

Back 28

No

Front 29

When would it be appropriate to devote one or more paragraphs to describing a particular authors written work?

Back 29

When the work is central to one or more points being made in the literature review

Front 30

What can be placed at the end of a review to help readers grasp the whole of the literature review?

Back 30

A brief summary of the literature review

Front 31

The term valid can be used

Back 31

when referring to the findings of a study or when referring to the method by which a measurement was made.

Front 32

A valid study

Back 32

one in which the results are accurate

Front 33

A valid measurement tool

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(whether a scientific instrument or a questionnaire) is one that measures what the researchers intend to measure.

Front 34

internal validity

Back 34

refers to the ability of the research study to accurately answer the research question

Front 35

History

Back 35

An external event, one not accounted for in the study design, might have influenced the results

Front 36

Testing

Back 36

At times, the process of being measured can change the results of a study. For instance, if you measured reaction time to a video game, then did an intervention such as taught them juggling, and then retested reaction time to the video game, the subject would likely do better the second time because they were more familiar with the video game.

Front 37

Instrumentation

Back 37

It is critical that the instrument used be accurate in measurement. For example, you might ask if the instrument is regularly calibrated.

Front 38

Maturation

Back 38

Clearly, if you measure the change in body weight over a one year period in a 10-year-old child on a special diet, you would need to take into consideration that the child is maturing, and that would have some influence on body weight, in addition to the diet.

Front 39

Mortality

Back 39

Mortality refers to the effect on the outcome of a study caused by subject attrition or drop-out. (This is a statistical term, not to be confused with the term used in medicine! )

Front 40

External Validity

Back 40

how generalizable the results are; can the results from the study of a sample be generalized to a population. Generally, the greater the effort to control for internal validity, the more focus there is to the study, and thus the more difficult it is to generalize the results. A researcher should try to enhance internal validity, even though that will limit external validity.

Front 41

critical component of research and applying the results of a study

Back 41

Someone should be able to read the methods section of a study, repeat the study, and get the same results.

Front 42

Reliable

Back 42

can be replicated

Front 43

What is more important, reliability or validity

Back 43

validity

Front 44

Demographics

Back 44

background characteristics of the participants in research such as gender, age, and income.

Front 45

Sample Size

Back 45

important but secondary consideration compared to bias

Front 46

precision

Back 46

increasing sample size is of benefit in research because it increases precision, the results will vary by only a small amount from sample to sample.

Front 47

"diminishing returns"

Back 47

returns (in terms of an increase in precision) diminish to the point that further increases in sample size are of very little benefit

Front 48

Does increasing sample size reduce bias?

Back 48

no

Front 49

Does increasing sample size increase precision?

Back 49

yes

Front 50

pilot studies

Back 50

studies designed to obtain preliminary information on how new treatments and measures work

Front 51

variability

Back 51

little variability- researchers can obtain accurate results from small samples

more variability-researchers need a larger sample

Front 52

measure

Back 52

term that serves as the heading for the section of the report where the measurement devices are described

Front 53

valid

Back 53

measures what it is designed to measure and accurately performs functions it purported to perform

Front 54

elusiveness

Back 54

plagues those with quantitative orientation more than qualitative.

Front 55

content validity

Back 55

researchers make judgments on the appropriateness of its contents

Front 56

face validity

Back 56

does a measure appear to be valid superficially

Front 57

criterion

Back 57

the standard by which a test is being judged

Front 58

predictive validity

Back 58

does the test predict the outcome it is supposed to predict?

Front 59

validity coefficient

Back 59

a correlation coefficient used to express validity