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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae?
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1. Tuberculoid
2. Lepromatous |
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Tuberculoid Leprosy
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-Few bacteria
-Many lymphocytes and granulomas -Th1 CD4 response (big) -Asymmetric peripheral neuropathy (hypoesthetic), skin lesions LOSE sensation -Lepromin Rxn = Positive |
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Lepromatous Leprosy
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-Many bacteria in lesions
-Few lymphocytes, no granulomas -Poor immune response -Symmetric peripheral neuropathy, skin lesions have INTACT sensation -Lepromin Rxn = Negative |
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Lepromin Rxn
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Like a PPD but for Mycobacterium leprae
Pos = tuberculoid leprosy Neg = Lepromatous leprosy |
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Mycobacterium leprae
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DOC: Sulfonamide + rifampin (3-10 years)
Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria Non-cultivatable. Can be spread person-to-person |
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Name the 9 non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM)
[awesome.] |
Non-Cultivatable Mycobacteria (M. leprae)
Culturable Mycobacteria Photochromogens (M. kansasii, M. marinum) Scotochromogens (M. scrofulaceum) Non-pigmented (M. avium complex, M. ulcerans) Rapid growers (M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, M. chelonei) |
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Features of culturable Mycobacteria (types of NTMs)
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Not really transmitted person to person
Infection common, disease rare All grow slowly except for the rapid ones: (M. fortuitum, M. abscessus, M. chelonei) |
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Mycobacterium kansasii
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DOC: treat like M. tb (isoniazid + rifampin + ethambutol)
Cultivatable NTM, photochromogen Symptoms look like TB |
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Mycobacterium marinum
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Cultivatable NTM, photochromogen
“Swimming pool granuloma” DOC: hard, but try floroquinolones Seen in watermen and tropic fish fanciers |
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Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
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Cultivatable NTM, scotochromogen
Cervical adenopathy in children |
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Mycobacterium avium complex
(MAC) |
Cultivatable NTM, non-chromogen
Systemic infections in AIDS patients with very low CD4 cell counts. Without AIDS: pulmonary disease DOC: Macrolide + ethambutol + rifampin derivative |
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Mycobacterium ulcerans
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Cultivatable NTM, non-chromogen
Debilitating skin ulcers in tropics (Buruli ulcer) |
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M. chelonei
M. abscessus M. fortuitum |
"Rapid growers"
Cultivatable NTMs Infections in immunocompromised pts. M. fortuitum = skin infections from foot bath DOC = fluoroquinolones |
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Nocardia asteriodes
Actinomyces israelii Thermophilic actinomycetes Rhodococcus equi |
Actinomycetes
Gram pos. bacilli |
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Nocardia asteroides
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Gm pos.
Obligate aerobe Partially acid fast (some mycolic acid) ***Pulmonary infection and systemic abscesses in people with low immune sys (transplant, steroids) DOC = sulfa/trimethoprim |
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Actinomyces israelii
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Obligate anaerobe
gram-positive branching rods Normal mouth flora Associated with destructive abscesses of jaw, lung and viscera. Produces YELLOW sulfur granules DOC = Penicillin |
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Thermophilic actinomycetes
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Cause a hypersensitivity pneumonitis as a result of a hypersensitivity reaction to these organisms (Farmer’s lung)
They grow on moist hay in warm, closed environments (barns) Symptoms: fever, cough, wheezing and shortness of breath |
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Rhodococcus equi
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Pulmonary infections and pulmonary abscesses in HIV-infected patients
Found in soil and associated with farm animals Gram-positive cocco-bacillus, Obligate aerobe DOC: vancomycin, imipenem |
