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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acid fast bacteria, thin, motile, obligate aerobe
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M. tuberculosis
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What does it mean for M. tuberculosis to have linear growth?
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M. tuberculosis - virulence - dependent on cord factor
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What inhibits phagosomes from fusing to lysosomes when infected by M. tuberculosis?
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Sulfatides in cell wall
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Where does primary TB prefer to grown?
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lower lobes
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What begins formation of caseous granuloma?
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T cells form around infected macrophages
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Calcified pulmonary tubercles + hilar lymph nodes
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Gohn complex
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Where does secondary TB like to live?
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apex for the high oxygen
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acid fast bacteria, thin, motile, obligate aerobe
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M. tuberculosis
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When do you get cavitations?
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After TB reactivates
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What does it mean for M. tuberculosis to have linear growth?
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M. tuberculosis - virulence - dependent on cord factor
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vertebral TB
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Potts disease
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What inhibits phagosomes from fusing to lysosomes when infected by M. tuberculosis?
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Sulfatides in cell wall
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PPD test is what kind of hypersensitivity?
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DTH
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Where does primary TB prefer to grown?
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lower lobes
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What begins formation of caseous granuloma?
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T cells form around infected macrophages
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Calcified pulmonary tubercles + hilar lymph nodes
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Gohn complex
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Where does secondary TB like to live?
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apex for the high oxygen
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When do you get cavitations?
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After TB reactivates
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vertebral TB
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Potts disease
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PPD test is what kind of hypersensitivity?
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DTH
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Treatment for M. tuberculosis
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rifampin (orange pee), Isoniazid (vit B6 deficiency), ehtambutol (eye problems), pyrazinamide (hepatic issues and hyperuricemia)
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live attenuated vaccine BCG
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M. tuberculosis
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Major TB like pathogenic agent in AIDS patients
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Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
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> 10 mm induration of PPD test
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+ for TB in regular person
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> 5 mm induration of PPD test
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+ for immunocompromised
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Acid fast bacteria, thin rods, non-motile, obligate aerobe, grows in low temp and phenolase +
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M. Leprae
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risk of digit autoamputation because you don't feel pain if you hurt extremities
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M. Leprae
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palpable nerves with anesthetized lesions that are hypopigmented and hairless
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M. Leprae
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infects nerve sheaths
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M. Leprae
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strong immune response to M. Leprae
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tuberculoid
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weak response to M. Leprae
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lepromatous leprosy - organism not contained - sensory loss at face, extremities
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loss of eyebrows, saddle-nose deformity, leonine facies, infertility
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M. Leprae
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armadillo
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M. Leprae
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lepromin skin test
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+ tuberculoid
- lepromatous |
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treatment of M. Leprae
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dapsone, rifampin, clofazamine
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What is type 1 reaction to M. Leprae after treatment?
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DTH response -> intensified tuberculoid like symptoms - use prednisone
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What is type 2 reaction to M. Leprae after treatment?
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immune complex deposition --> Erythema Nodosum Leprosum & treat with thalidomide
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endoflagellum
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T. pallidum
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spirochete, microaerophilic, sensitive to high temp
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T. pallidum
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painless chancre
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primary syphilis
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condyloma lata
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secondary syphilis
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maculopapular rash on palms & soles
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secondary syphilis
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gummas
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tertiary syphilis
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tree barking aorta
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T. pallidum
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pupil accomodates to near objects but does not react to light
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T. pallidum
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CN VIII deafness, mulberry molars, saber shins, saddle nose, Hutchinson's incisors
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congenital syphilis
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transmission of T. pallidum
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skin ulcers
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when does secondary syphilis begin?
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6 wks after chancre heals
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What is the most specific test for T. pallidum?
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FTA-ABS
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reacts against cardiolipin
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VDRL
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loss sensation of proprioception, touch, vibration
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tabes dorsalis
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Treatment of T. pallidum
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PCN G
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
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treatment leads to lysis of treponema and release of endotoxin like factors leads to fever, chills, myalgia
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What other diseases can cause + VDRL
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SLE and infectious mononucleosis
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increase lymphocytes, normal PMN in CSF
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meningitis of T. pallidum
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motile spirochete, giemsa and silver stain, microaerophilic
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Borrelia
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lyme disease
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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erythema chronic migrans - target lesion
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Bells palsy, migratory myalgias, AV nodal block
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Borrelia burgdorferi 2nd stage
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acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans
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Borrelia burgdorferi - 3rd stage
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Ixodes tick
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi
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doxy or amox for stage 1
ceftriaxone for later stages |
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How can you prevent infection of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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detect tick early - tick feeding requires 24 hrs before infection
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most common vector borne disease
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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antigen variation capable spirochete
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Borrelia recurrentis
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human body louse
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Borrelia recurrentis
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relapsing fever
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Borrelia recurrentis - invades bloodstream, host kills with immunogenic response
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Treatment of Borrelia recurrentis
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PCN, tetracycline
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aerotic spirochete that appears like ice tongs
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Leptospira interrogans
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2 periplasmic flagella for burrowing
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Leptospira interrogans
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common found in animal urine
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Leptospira interrogans
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flu-like symptoms with photophobia
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Leptospira interrogans - 1st phave (leptospiremic)
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aspetic meningitis or vasculitis with hemorrhagic complications esp in kidney or liver
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aniceteric leptospirosis or Weil's disease - due to immune response and rise in anti-leptospira IgM
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diagnosis of Leptospira interrogans
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spirochete in blood
CSF - 1st phase urine - 2nd phase |
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Treatment of Leptospira interrogans
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PCN G, prophylaxis is doxy
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no cell wall, resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, no gram stain, cultures look like fried eggs
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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how does mycoplasma pneumoniae cause pneumonia?
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transmitted via resp droplet and inhibits ciliary motion and destroys mucosa to cause inflammation
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hemolytic anemia and pneumonia
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mycoplasma pneumoniae - B cells make IgM cold agglutinins which autoreact with erythrocytes, brain, heart
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eaton's agar
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae
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erythromycin or tetracycline
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cholesterol in membrane
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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MCC of pneumonia in adults 18 - 40 yrs
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mycoplasma, C. pneumoniae, s. pneumoniae
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two forms - one within cells and one outside of cell is infectious
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Chlamydia - elementary bodies float outside of cells to infect; reticulate bodies multiple by binary fusion in cells
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pneumonia after handling birds
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Chlamydia psittaci - causes edema, necrosis and hemorrhage in alveoli
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iodine stain -, Giemsa +
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chlamydia
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treatment for chlamydia psittaci
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doxycycline
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lymphogranuloma venerum
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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Which strains of Chlamydia trachomatis can cause PID?
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D-K
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which bacteria assoc with Reiter's syndrome
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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which strain of Chlamydia trachomatis can cause conjunctivitis and then blindness?
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A-C (promotes corneal vascularization and scarring)
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treatment for chalmydia trachomatis
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azithromycin, tetracyclines + ceftriaxone for N. gonorrhea, oral erythromycin for neonate of infected moms, prophylactic eye drops for babies
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most frequent cause of bacterial STD in US
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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most frequent cause of blindness worldwide
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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silent infection in men
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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which is metabolically active in chlamydia?
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reticulate body
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atypical pneumonia in young adult
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chlamydia pneumoniae
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obligate intracellular parasite that replicates freely in cytoplasm
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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deer tick
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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proliferates in endothelial cells leading to maculopapular rash on plams and soles spreading proximally to trunk
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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+ Weil - Felix
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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Treatment of Rickettsia rickettsii
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tetracycline, chlorampehnicol
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high association with east coast
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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rash of R. prowazekii
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rash spreads outwardly but avoids palms, soles, and face
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flying squirrels --> louse --> human
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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can cause recurrent mild epidemic typhus (Brill Zinsser disease) if not cleared
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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endospore inside cell
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Coxiella burnetii
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spore causing mild atypical pneu taht can lead to hepatitis or chronic endocarditis
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Coxiella burnetii
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Weil Felix neg
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Coxiella burnetii
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Treatment for Coxiella burnetii
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tetracycline
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what does Coxiella burnetii lack that other rickettsia do have?
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no arthropod transmission, no rash
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