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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Tetanospasmin
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Heavy - binds to neuronal gang
Light - inhibits neurotransmitters (GABA, glycine) |
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Botulinum
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Inhibits Ach
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Choleragen - subunits and what do they do?
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Five B subunits: bind to GM1 gang in intestinal cell memb
Two A subunits: ADP-ribosylate GTP-binding prot, increases cAMP, secreting NaCl and inhibits resorption |
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E coli heat labile toxin
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same as choleragen
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E coli heat stable toxin
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activates guanylate cyclase, increases cGMP, inhibits resroption of NaCl
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Shiga toxin
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Five B subunits: bind to intestinal epithelium
A subunit: inhibits 60S ribosomal subunit, kills intestinal cells (get bloody diarrhea) |
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Streptococcus pyrogenic toxin
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aka erythrogenic toxin; acts as superantigen; releases IL-1, TNF-a, IFN-g, can lead to Scarlet fever and even TSS
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Group A Strep pyogenes - M protein
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antiphagocytic; adhesion mediated internalization by host, degrades C3b
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Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin (TSST-1) - how does it work and what are symptoms of TSS?
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Usually from staph aureas; acts like super antigen, causing release of IL-1, TNF-a, IFN-g
TSS: FDR-DH! Fever, Diarrhea, Rash, Desquamation, Hypotension(shock) |
FDR has DiarrHea - Toxic Shock!
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Streptococcus Streptolysin O
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oxygen labile; lyses leukocytes, platelets, RBCs
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Strep agalactiae
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lives in vagina, colon
causes: neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis |
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Strep viridans
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lives in oropharynx, GI, GU
causes: dental plaque, subacute endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, abscesses |
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Group D strep - Enterococcus (faecialis, faecium)
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grows in 40% bile, 6.5 NaCl
Diseases: Urinary, Biliary, Cardiovascular Infections, Subacute endocarditits (SBE) |
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Non enterococcus Group D strep (S. bovis, S. equinas)- diseases? - growth medium?
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diseases: bacteremia, endocarditis
growth: 40% bile (not 6.5 Nacl) |
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S. pnemoniae (pneumococcus)
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Polysacch capsule (antiphagocytic), Techoic acid (activates alternative complement), Pneumolysin (kills ciliated epithelial cells, suppresses phagocytic oxidative burst, activates classical complement)
Diseases: Lobal pneumonia (major cause in adults), meningitis, otitis media (children), sinusitis |
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1. Hemolysins (Streptolysin O and S),
2. Streptokinase, 3. DNAases, 4. Hyaluronidase, 5. NADase |
Strep pyogenes and Staph aureas tissue invasive toxins:
1. Lyses RBC, 2. Activates plasminogen to lyse fibrin clots, 3. Hydrolyzes DNA, 4. Breaks down proteoglycans, 5. Hydrolyzes NAD |
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1. Lipases
2. Penicillinase 3. Staphylokinase 4. Leukocidin 5. Exfoliatin (what does it cause?) 6. Factors that bind complement |
Staph aureas tissue toxins:
1. hydrolyzes lipids 2. destroys penicillin 3. activates plasminogen to lyse fibrin clots 4. lyses WBCs 5. epithelial cell lyses (causes scalded skin syndrome in infants) 6. cripples complement defense |
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Clostridium perfringens toxins
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lots (~12), most lethal: Alpha toxin (lecithinase) - it hydrolyzes lecithin in cell membranes --> death
causes tissue death and GAS GANGRENE |
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Bacillus anthracis - whats the toxin(s) and what does it do?
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1. Protective Antigen - binds with B subunit, allows entry of EF into cell
2. Edema Factor - a calmodulin dep adenylate cyclase taken up by phagocytosis--> increases cAMP, impairs neutrophils and causes edema 3. Lethal Factor - zinc metalloprotease, inactivates protein kinase. Causes Macro release TNF-a and IL-1 --> death |
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae - toxin, what are the subunits and what do they do
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B subunit: binds to heart and neural tissue
A subunit: ADP ribosylates elongation factor (EF2) inhibiting mRNA conversion to proteins results in: myocarditis, peripheral nerve palsies and CNS effects |
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Bordetella pertussis - what is the toxin(s) and what does it(they) do?
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Pertussis toxin: B subunit binds, A subunit activates membrane bound adenylate cyclase --> inc cAMP --> inhibiits macro and neutrophil phagocytosis
Extracellular adenylate cyclase: similar to edema factor, impairs neutrophil chemotaxis and phago Filamentous hemagglutinin: allows binding to ciliated epith cells Tracheal cytotoxin: respiratory epith cell killer Whooping cough |
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Clostridium difficile - toxin(s) and what does it(they) do?
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Toxin A: causes fluid secretion and mucosal inflammation --> diarrhea
Toxin B: colonic epithelial cell death Results in pseudomembranous enterocolitis (often bloody diarrhea, fever and abd pain) C dif infection often occurs after antibiotics wipe out normal flora |
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Pseudomonas Aeruginosa - what toxin and whats it do?
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Pseudomonas exotoxin A - inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting Elongation factor 2 (EF2) (same as diphtheria toxin)
this mainly affects liver whereas diphtheria mainly affects heart |
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